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The Civil Rights Act of 1964, enacted five months after the New York City school boycott, included a loophole that allowed school segregation to continue in major northern cities including New York City, Boston, Chicago and Detroit. [4] As of 2018, New York City continues to have the most segregated schools in the country. [9]
The New York City teachers' strike of 1968 was a months-long confrontation between the new community-controlled school board in the largely black Ocean Hill–Brownsville neighborhoods of Brooklyn and New York City's United Federation of Teachers. It began with a one day walkout in the Ocean Hill-Brownsville school district.
Richard A. Carranza (born 1966) is an American educator who was the Chancellor of the New York City Department of Education from 2018 to 2021. [1] [2] He was appointed by Mayor de Blasio after Alberto M. Carvalho publicly turned down the job in March 2018. [3]
The Evolution of an Urban School System: New York City, 1750-1850 (Harvard UP, 1973) online; Kilpatrick, William Heard. The Dutch schools of New Netherland and colonial New York (1912) online; Klepper, Rachel. "School and Community in the All-Day Neighborhood Schools of New York City, 1936-1971." History of Education Quarterly 63.1 (2023): 107 ...
Milton Arthur Galamison (March 25, 1923 – March 9, 1988) was a Presbyterian minister who served in Brooklyn, New York. [1] As a community activist, he championed integration and education reform in the New York City public school system, and organized two school boycotts. [2]
Aguilar v. Felton, 473 U.S. 402 (1985), was a United States Supreme Court case holding that New York City's program that sent public school teachers into parochial schools to provide remedial education to disadvantaged children pursuant to Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 necessitated an excessive entanglement of church and state and violated the Establishment ...
The Sentinel reported on May 20, 1964, that schools on the city's north side were "back to normal" the day after the boycott. A second MUSIC-led boycott, in October 1965, lasted 3.5 days; Gregory ...
The great school wars: A history of the New York City public schools (1975), a standard scholarly history online; Ravitch, Diane, and Joseph P. Viteritti, eds. City Schools: Lessons from New York (2000) Ravitch, Diane, ed. NYC schools under Bloomberg and Klein what parents, teachers and policymakers need to know (2009) essays by experts online