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Hence, it is technically more correct to discuss singular points of a smooth mapping here rather than a singular point of a curve. The above definitions can be extended to cover implicit curves which are defined as the zero set of a smooth function, and it is not necessary just to consider algebraic varieties. The definitions can be ...
A point of an algebraic variety that is not singular is said to be regular. An algebraic variety that has no singular point is said to be non-singular or smooth. The concept is generalized to smooth schemes in the modern language of scheme theory. The plane algebraic curve (a cubic curve) of equation y 2 − x 2 (x + 1) = 0 crosses itself at ...
Repeatedly blowing up the singular points of a curve will eventually resolve the singularities. The main task with this method is to find a way to measure the complexity of a singularity and to show that blowing up improves this measure. There are many ways to do this. For example, one can use the arithmetic genus of the curve.
The simplest example of singularities are curves that cross themselves. But there are other types of singularities, like cusps. For example, the equation y 2 − x 3 = 0 defines a curve that has a cusp at the origin x = y = 0. One could define the x-axis as a tangent at this point, but this definition can not be the same as the definition at ...
For example, rhamphoid cusps occur for inflection points (and for undulation points) for which the tangent is parallel to the direction of projection. In many cases, and typically in computer vision and computer graphics, the curve that is projected is the curve of the critical points of the restriction to a (smooth) spatial object of the ...
Then amongst singular points, an important distinction is made between a regular singular point, where the growth of solutions is bounded (in any small sector) by an algebraic function, and an irregular singular point, where the full solution set requires functions with higher growth rates.
In classical algebraic geometry, a tacnode (also called a point of osculation or double cusp) [1] is a kind of singular point of a curve. It is defined as a point where two (or more) osculating circles to the curve at that point are tangent. This means that two branches of the curve have ordinary tangency at the double point. [1] The canonical ...
Isaac Newton carried out a detailed study of all cubic curves, the general family to which these examples belong. It was noticed in the formulation of Bézout's theorem that such singular points must be counted with multiplicity (2 for a double point, 3 for a cusp), in accounting for intersections of curves.