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Transitivity is a linguistics property that relates to whether a verb, participle, or gerund denotes a transitive object. It is closely related to valency , which considers other arguments in addition to transitive objects.
Traditionally, transitivity patterns are thought of as lexical information of the verb, but recent research in construction grammar and related theories has argued that transitivity is a grammatical rather than a lexical property, since the same verb very often appears with different transitivity in different contexts. [citation needed] Consider:
Vertex-transitive graph, a graph whose automorphism group acts transitively upon its vertices; Transitive set a set A such that whenever x ∈ A, and y ∈ x, then y ∈ A; Topological transitivity property of a continuous map for which every open subset U' of the phase space intersects every other open subset V, when going along trajectory
The transitive extension of R 1 would be denoted by R 2, and continuing in this way, in general, the transitive extension of R i would be R i + 1. The transitive closure of R, denoted by R* or R ∞ is the set union of R, R 1, R 2, ... . [8] The transitive closure of a relation is a transitive relation. [8]
In linguistic typology, tripartite alignment is a type of morphosyntactic alignment in which the main argument ('subject') of an intransitive verb, the agent argument ('subject') of a transitive verb, and the patient argument ('direct object') of a transitive verb are each treated distinctly in the grammatical system of a language. [1]
In linguistics, valency or valence is the number and type of arguments and complements controlled by a predicate, content verbs being typical predicates. Valency is related, though not identical, to subcategorization and transitivity, which count only object arguments – valency counts all arguments, including the subject.
Where the transitivity of a verb only considers the objects, the valency of a verb considers all the arguments that correspond to a verb, including both the subject of the verb and all of the objects. It is possible to change the contextually indicated sense of a verb from transitive to intransitive, and in so doing to change the valency.
Transitive alignment: certain Iranian languages, such as Rushani, distinguish only transitivity (in the past tense), using a transitive case for both A and O, and an intransitive case for S. That is sometimes called a double-oblique system, as the transitive case is equivalent to the accusative in the non-past tense.