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Note that salt contains about 39.3% sodium by mass [11] —the rest being chlorine and other trace chemicals; thus the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of 2.3 g sodium would be about 5.9 g of salt—about 1 teaspoon. [12] The average daily excretion of sodium is between 40 and 220 mEq. [13]
The nutrients considered essential for humans comprise ... are potassium, chloride, sodium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium ... Upper Limit Tolerable upper intake ...
Tolerable upper intake levels (UL), to caution against excessive intake of nutrients (like vitamin A and selenium) that can be harmful in large amounts. This is the highest level of sustained daily nutrient consumption that is considered to be safe for, and cause no side effects in, 97.5% of healthy individuals in each life stage and sex group.
Relationship of phosphate to nitrate uptake for photosynthesis in various regions of the ocean. Note that nitrate is more often limiting than phosphate The Redfield ratio or Redfield stoichiometry is the consistent atomic ratio of carbon , nitrogen and phosphorus found in marine phytoplankton and throughout the deep oceans.
The control center sets the maintenance range—the acceptable upper and lower limits—for the particular variable, such as temperature. The control center responds to the signal by determining an appropriate response and sending signals to an effector , which can be one or more muscles, an organ, or a gland .
Low sodium intake level was a mean of <115 mmol (2645 mg), usual sodium intake was 115-215 mmol (2645–4945 mg), and a high sodium intake was >215 mmol (4945 mg), concluding: "Both low sodium intakes and high sodium intakes are associated with increased mortality, consistent with a U-shaped association between sodium intake and health outcomes".
The U.S. Institute of Medicine set its tolerable upper intake level for sodium at 2.3 grams per day, [90] but the average person in the United States consumes 3.4 grams per day. [91] The American Heart Association recommends no more than 1.5 g of sodium per day. [92]
Relationships between Trophic State Index, chlorophyll, phosphorus, Secchi depth, and trophic class (after Carlson 1996) [4] Trophic State Index Chlorophyll (μg/L) Phosphorus (μg/L) Secchi depth (m) Trophic Class < 30—40 0—2.6 0—12 > 8—4 Oligotrophic or hipotrophic 40—50 2.6—7.3 12—24 4—2 Mesotrophic 50—70 7.3—56 24—96