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Olfactory hallucinations can be caused by common medical conditions such as nasal infections, nasal polyps, or dental problems. It can result from neurological conditions such as migraines, head injuries, strokes, Parkinson's disease, seizures, or brain tumors. [4]
The gustatory system is responsible for differentiation between sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami. [10] The olfactory system recognizes the odorants as they pass to the olfactory epithelium via a retronasal pathway. [5] This explains why we can identify a variety of flavors in spite of only having five types of taste receptors.
Hyperosmia is an increased olfactory acuity (heightened sense of smell), usually caused by a lower threshold for odor. [1] This perceptual disorder arises when there is an abnormally increased signal at any point between the olfactory receptors and the olfactory cortex.
Olfactory hallucination can be considered the result of the belief in an odor delusion, or the belief a result of the olfactory hallucination. [1] In one review, the individual with ORS was unreservedly convinced that he or she could detect the odor themselves in 22% of cases, whilst in 19% there was occasional or intermittent detection and in ...
In humans, the olfactory bulb is located on the inferior side of the brain. Physical damage to this area would alter how the area processes information in a variety of ways, but there are also diseases that can alter how this area works. If the part of the brain that interprets these input signals is damaged, then a distorted output is possible.
The International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O) is a domain-specific extension of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems for tumor diseases. This classification is widely used by cancer registries. It is currently in its third revision (ICD-O-3). ICD-10 includes a list of ...
These pathologies are mainly near the base of the brain and the hallucinations have gone away in patients that had their pathology corrected such as the removal of a tumor. [1] The most commonly reported hallucinations are animals, people of any age, scary or deformed faces and heads, landscapes, or people walking in a line.
Paraphrenia is often associated with a physical change in the brain, such as a tumor, stroke, ventricular enlargement, or neurodegenerative process. [4] Research that reviewed the relationship between organic brain lesions and the development of delusions suggested that "brain lesions which lead to subcortical dysfunction could produce delusions when elaborated by an intact cortex".