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1950 – The first synthetic antibiotic is created. 1951 – Artificial insemination of livestock is accomplished using frozen semen. 1952 – L.V. Radushkevich and V.M. Lukyanovich publish clear images of 50 nanometer diameter tubes made of carbon, in the Soviet Journal of Physical Chemistry.
Biotechnology seemed to be the solution for major social problems, including world hunger and energy crises. In the 1960s, radical measures would be needed to meet world starvation, and biotechnology seemed to provide an answer.
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1960 – John Kendrew described the structure of myoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein in muscle. 1960 – Four separate researchers (S. Weiss, J. Hurwitz, Audrey Stevens Niyogi and J. Bonner) discovered bacterial RNA polymerase, which polymerizes nucleotides under the direction of DNA. 1960 – Robert Woodward synthesized chlorophyll.
Through the late 1950s and early 1960s, numerous papers were published on various topics in RNA structure, including RNA-DNA hybridization, [22] triple stranded RNA, [23] and even small-scale crystallography of RNA di-nucleotides—G-C, and A-U—in primitive helix-like arrangements. [24]
1950s in biotechnology (2 C) 1960s in biotechnology (2 C) 1970s in biotechnology (10 C) 1980s in biotechnology (10 C) 1990s in biotechnology (10 C)
1950s in biotechnology (2 C) 1960s in biotechnology (2 C) 1970s in biotechnology ... 2010s in biotechnology (10 C, 1 P) 2020s in biotechnology (3 C)
By the mid-1960s, the intellectual core of molecular biology—a model for the molecular basis of metabolism and reproduction— was largely complete. [86] The late 1950s to the early 1970s was a period of intense research and institutional expansion for molecular biology, which had only recently become a somewhat coherent discipline.