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The graph of a Gaussian is a characteristic symmetric "bell curve" shape. The parameter a is the height of the curve's peak, b is the position of the center of the peak, and c (the standard deviation, sometimes called the Gaussian RMS width) controls the width of the "bell".
All these extensions are also called normal or Gaussian laws, so a certain ambiguity in names exists. The multivariate normal distribution describes the Gaussian law in the k-dimensional Euclidean space. A vector X ∈ R k is multivariate-normally distributed if any linear combination of its components Σ k j=1 a j X j has a (univariate) normal ...
The Gaussian function is the archetypal example of a bell shaped function. A bell-shaped function or simply 'bell curve' is a mathematical function having a characteristic "bell"-shaped curve. These functions are typically continuous or smooth, asymptotically approach zero for large negative/positive x, and have a single, unimodal maximum at ...
A graph of the function () = and the area between it and the -axis, (i.e. the entire real line) which is equal to . The Gaussian integral , also known as the Euler–Poisson integral , is the integral of the Gaussian function f ( x ) = e − x 2 {\displaystyle f(x)=e^{-x^{2}}} over the entire real line.
Fitting of a noisy curve by an asymmetrical peak model, with an iterative process (Gauss–Newton algorithm with variable damping factor α).Curve fitting [1] [2] is the process of constructing a curve, or mathematical function, that has the best fit to a series of data points, [3] possibly subject to constraints.
The exponentially modified normal distribution is another 3-parameter distribution that is a generalization of the normal distribution to skewed cases. The skew normal still has a normal-like tail in the direction of the skew, with a shorter tail in the other direction; that is, its density is asymptotically proportional to for some positive .
Gaussian processes are also commonly used to tackle numerical analysis problems such as numerical integration, solving differential equations, or optimisation in the field of probabilistic numerics. Gaussian processes can also be used in the context of mixture of experts models, for example.
A sigmoid function is any mathematical function whose graph has a characteristic S-shaped or sigmoid curve. A common example of a sigmoid function is the logistic function, which is defined by the formula: [1] = + = + = ().