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The gemstone at the front of the Imperial State Crown. The Black Prince's Ruby is a large, irregular cabochon red spinel weighing 170 carats (34 g) set in the cross pattée above the Cullinan II diamond at the front of the Imperial State Crown of the United Kingdom. [1]
The Spinel of the Great Imperial Crown (Russian: Шпинель Большой императорской короны) or Menshikov Ruby [1] (Russian: Рубин Меншикова) is a historical gemstone, a red spinel which tops the Great Imperial Crown of Russia from the 18th century to the present day.
The transparent red spinels were called spinel-rubies [14] or balas rubies. [15] In the past, before the arrival of modern science, spinels and rubies were equally known as rubies. After the 18th century, the word ruby was only used for the red gem variety of the mineral corundum, and the word spinel came to be used. [16] "
The Timur Ruby (also Khiraj-i-alam, "Tribute to the World") is an unfaceted, 352.54-carat (71 g) polished red spinel set in a necklace. [1] It is named after the ruler Timur, [2] founder of the Timurid Empire and purportedly one of its former owners. It was believed to be a ruby until 1851.
The crown is also decorated with one of the seven historic stones of the Russian Diamond Collection: a large precious red spinel weighing 398.72 carats (79.744 g), known as the Menshikov Ruby, which was bought in China in 1702 by the Nerchinsk merchant Yan Istopnikov. It is believed to be the second largest spinel in the world. [citation needed]
In the Imperial State Crown are Cullinan II (317 carats (63 g)), the Stuart Sapphire, St Edward's Sapphire, and the Black Prince's Ruby – a large red spinel. The Koh-i-Noor diamond (105 carats (21 g)) was acquired by Queen Victoria from the Sikh Empire and has featured on three consort crowns. A small number of disused objects at the Tower ...