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The Boomerang Nebula is a protoplanetary nebula [2] located 5,000 light-years from Earth in the constellation Centaurus. It is also known as the Bow Tie Nebula and catalogued as LEDA 3074547. [ 3 ] The nebula's temperature is measured at 1 K (−272.15 °C ; −457.87 °F ) making it the coolest natural place currently known in the Universe .
The Water Lily Nebula, in the southern constellation of Ara, is a pre-planetary nebula also known as IRAS 16594-4656, in the process of developing to a planetary nebula. It was discovered by Bruce Hrivnak and Sun Kwok in 1999. [ 3 ]
A nebula that is visible to the human eye from Earth would appear larger, but no brighter, from close by. [6] The Orion Nebula, the brightest nebula in the sky and occupying an area twice the angular diameter of the full Moon, can be viewed with the naked eye but was missed by early astronomers. [7]
At about 0.45 stellar radii (~2– 3 AU) above the photosphere, there may lie a molecular layer known as the MOLsphere or molecular environment. Studies show it to be composed of water vapor and carbon monoxide with an effective temperature of about 1,500 ± 500 K .
The internal structure of the inner planets. The internal structure of the outer planets. A planetary core consists of the innermost layers of a planet. [1] Cores may be entirely liquid, or a mixture of solid and liquid layers as is the case in the Earth. [2]
Once a star has converted all the hydrogen in its core into helium, the core is no longer able to support itself and begins to collapse. It heats up and becomes hot enough for hydrogen in a shell outside the core to start fusion. The core continues to collapse and the outer layers of the star expand. At this stage, the star is a subgiant. Very ...
A C–O core between about 64 M ☉ and 133 M ☉ will become so hot that the gamma radiation will spontaneously produce electron–positron pairs and the sudden loss of energy in the core will cause it to collapse as a pair-instability supernova (PISN), sometimes called a pair-creation supernova (PCSN).
A recent distance from radio parallaxes of water masers at 22 GHz made during 2014 is estimated it lies 2.82±0.20 kpc. (9200 ly.) from us. [ 5 ] Colloquially, NGC 281 is also known as the Pacman Nebula for its resemblance to the video game character .