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The basic approach of nearly all of the methods to calculate the day of the week begins by starting from an "anchor date": a known pair (such as 1 January 1800 as a Wednesday), determining the number of days between the known day and the day that you are trying to determine, and using arithmetic modulo 7 to find a new numerical day of the week ...
A 50-year "pocket calendar" that is adjusted by turning the dial to place the name of the month under the current year. One can then deduce the day of the week or the date. A perpetual calendar is a calendar valid for many years, usually designed to look up the day of the week for a given date in the past or future.
Note that the date (and hence the day of the week) in the Revised Julian and Gregorian calendars is the same up until February 28, 2800, and that for large years it may be possible to subtract 6300 or a multiple thereof before starting so as to reach a year within or closer to the table.
To find which day of the week Christmas Day of 2021 is, proceed as follows: in the year 2021, doomsday is on Sunday. Since December 12 is a doomsday, December 25, being thirteen days afterwards (two weeks less a day), fell on a Saturday. Christmas Day is always the day of the week before doomsday.
After the week was adopted in early Christianity, Sunday remained the first day of the week, but also gradually displaced Saturday as the day of celebration and rest, being considered the Lord's Day. Saint Martin of Dumio (c. 520–580), archbishop of Braga , decided not to call days by pagan gods and to use ecclesiastic terminology to ...
The day of the week can be easily calculated given a date's Julian day number (JD, i.e. the integer value at noon UT): Adding one to the remainder after dividing the Julian day number by seven (JD modulo 7 + 1) yields that date's ISO 8601 day of the week. For example, the Julian day number of 7 February 2025 is 2460714.
Zeller's congruence is an algorithm devised by Christian Zeller in the 19th century to calculate the day of the week for any Julian or Gregorian calendar date. It can be considered to be based on the conversion between Julian day and the calendar date.
The day is normally between 1 and 31. The Julian day number (which is the integer part of the Julian day plus one) modulo 7 grows from 0 (on Monday at noon) to 6 (on Sunday at noon) and returns to 0 the next day on Monday at noon (however this template ignores time, so this number is valid for the whole day from zero o'clock to midnight).