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As electron kinetic energy and undulator parameters can be adapted as desired, free-electron lasers are tunable and can be built for a wider frequency range than any other type of laser, [3] currently ranging in wavelength from microwaves, through terahertz radiation and infrared, to the visible spectrum, ultraviolet, and X-ray.
Serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) is a form of X-ray crystallography developed for use at X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs). [1] [2] [3] Single pulses at free-electron lasers are bright enough to generate resolvable Bragg diffraction from sub-micron crystals. However, these pulses also destroy the crystals, meaning that a full data set ...
The 3.4-kilometre (2.1 mi) long tunnel for the European XFEL housing the superconducting linear accelerator and photon beamlines runs 6 to 38 m (20 to 125 ft) underground from the site of the DESY research center in Hamburg to the town of Schenefeld in Schleswig-Holstein, where the experimental stations, laboratories and administrative buildings are located.
The SPring-8 Angstrom Compact free electron LAser, referred to as SACLA (pronounced さくら (Sa-Ku-Ra)), is an X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) in Harima Science Garden City, Japan, embedded in the SPring-8 accelerator and synchrotron complex. [1] [2] When it first came into operation 2011, it was the second XFEL in the world and the first in ...
This article describes the x-ray lasers in plasmas, only. The plasma x-ray lasers rely on stimulated emission to generate or amplify coherent, directional, high-brightness electromagnetic radiation in the near X-ray or extreme ultraviolet region of the spectrum, that is, usually from ~3 nanometers to several tens of nanometers (nm) wavelength.
Free Electron Laser for Infrared eXperiments (FELIX) Radboud University, Nijmegen: Netherlands: 0.015–0.060: 1991: Dubna Electron Synchrotron (DELSY) JINR, Dubna: Russia: Siberian Synchrotron Radiation Centre (SSRC) Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk: Russia: 2 - 6 [2] 366 [3] 1973 [2] Technical Storage Ring Complex (TNK)
A spinning laser loop can bend time in an ongoing way, says a scientist who has a working prototype of a time machine. ... allowing you to go to the past—comes in the form of his ring laser. The ...
SwissFEL is the X-ray free-electron laser at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), which was inaugurated in December 2016. [1] The SwissFEL design is optimised to generate X-ray pulses in the wavelength range of 1 Å to 70 Å. With an overall length of just under 740 metres, the system configuration is relatively compact.