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Additionally, the work notes that 24% of respondents of a Gallup Poll conducted in 1961 were in favor of the Freedom Rides, while 66% of the respondents of the same poll believed that racial segregation in bus transportation should be abolished; by the time the book was published, reception was highly positive to the Freedom Rides.
The Journey of Reconciliation, also [1] called "First Freedom Ride", was a form of nonviolent direct action to challenge state segregation laws on interstate buses in the Southern United States. [2] Bayard Rustin and 18 other men and women were the early organizers of the two-week journey that began on April 9, 1947.
In the summer of 1961, he participated in the CORE Freedom Ride from Missouri to Louisiana on July 8-15 1961. He defended his actions in the Freedom Ride by stating in the film Freedom Riders , "If men like Governor Patterson [of Alabama] and Governor Barnett of Mississippi... would carry out the good oath of their office, then people would be ...
The Freedom Riders challenged this status quo by riding interstate buses in the South in mixed racial groups to challenge local laws or customs that enforced segregation in seating. The Freedom Rides, and the violent reactions they provoked, bolstered the credibility of the American Civil Rights Movement. They called national attention to the ...
On May 20, 1961, the Freedom Riders stopped in Montgomery while on their way from Washington, D.C. to New Orleans to protest the still segregated buses across the south. [32] Many of the Freedom Riders were beaten by a white mob once they arrived at the Montgomery bus station, causing several of the riders to be hospitalized. [32]
The first Freedom Ride ended shortly after the events in Anniston. Although Thomas was injured, and injected with a sense of fear, he participated in a second Freedom Ride from Montgomery, Alabama to Jackson, Mississippi ten days later. This time, he was incarcerated and served time at the Parchman State Prison Farm.
After it became certain that the Freedom Rides were to be carried out, Shuttlesworth worked with the Congress of Racial Equality (C.O.R.E.) to organize the Rides [9] and became engaged with ensuring the success of the rides, especially during their stint in Alabama. [10] Shuttlesworth mobilized some of his fellow clergy to assist the rides.
Charles Person (September 27, 1942 – January 8, 2025) was an African-American civil rights activist who was the youngest Freedom Rider of the 1961 Freedom Rides.He was born and raised in Atlanta, Georgia.