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An approximate rule of thumb for hydrophilicity of organic compounds is that solubility of a molecule in water is more than 1 mass % if there is at least one neutral hydrophile group per 5 carbons, or at least one electrically charged hydrophile group per 7 carbons. [4] Hydrophilic substances (ex: salts) can seem to attract water out of the air.
The word "surfactant" is a blend of surface-active agent, [1] coined in 1950 . [2] As they consist of a water-repellent and a water-attracting part, they enable water and oil to mix; they can form foam and facilitate the detachment of dirt. Surfactants are among the most widespread and commercially important chemicals.
Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance. The hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) of a surfactant is a measure of its degree of hydrophilicity or lipophilicity, determined by calculating percentages of molecular weights for the hydrophilic and lipophilic portions of the surfactant molecule, as described by Griffin in 1949 [1][2] and 1954. [3]
A chemical compound is a chemical substance composed of many identical molecules (or molecular entities) containing atoms from more than one chemical element held together by chemical bonds. A molecule consisting of atoms of only one element is therefore not a compound. A compound can be transformed into a different substance by a chemical ...
Gelatin, here in sheets for cooking, is a hydrogel. Peptide hydrogel formation shown by the inverted vial method. A hydrogel is a biphasic material, a mixture of porous, permeable solids and at least 10% by weight or volume of interstitial fluid composed completely or mainly by water.
In chemistry, hydrophobicity is the physical property of a molecule that is seemingly repelled from a mass of water (known as a hydrophobe). [1] In contrast, hydrophiles are attracted to water. Hydrophobic molecules tend to be nonpolar and, thus, prefer other neutral molecules and nonpolar solvents.
Sodium nitrate is the chemical compound with the formula Na N O. 3. This alkali metal nitrate salt is also known as Chile saltpeter (large deposits of which were historically mined in Chile) [4][5] to distinguish it from ordinary saltpeter, potassium nitrate. The mineral form is also known as nitratine, nitratite or soda niter.
Acetone (2-propanone or dimethyl ketone) is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2CO. [22] It is the simplest and smallest ketone (>C=O). It is a colorless, highly volatile, and flammable liquid with a characteristic pungent odour, very reminiscent of the smell of pear drops.