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For this reason they are subsumed under the term "pit latrine". The fecal sludge that is removed from the full pits of twin-pit pour-flush pit latrines is somewhat safer to handle and reuse than the fecal sludge from single pit pour-flush latrines. However, significant health risks for the workers who are emptying the pits remain in either case.
Other types of pit latrines may include the Reed Odourless Earth Closet, the arborloo or treebog (very simple types of composting toilet), or the twin pit pour-flush pit latrine, popularized by Sulabh International. The shelter that covers such a pit latrine is known in some varieties of English as an outhouse.
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This type of toilet is common in many Asian countries. The toilet can be connected to one or two pits, in which case it is called a "pour flush pit latrine" or a "twin pit pour flush to pit latrine". It can also be connected to a septic tank. [9] Flush toilets on ships are typically flushed with seawater.
Ventilated improved pit latrine (abbreviated as VIP latrine) Composting toilet; Sanitation facilities that are not considered as "improved" (also called "unimproved") are: Public or shared latrine (meaning a toilet that is used by more than one household) Flush/pour flush to elsewhere (not into a pit, septic tank, or sewer) Pit latrine without slab
The Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation of WHO and UNICEF has defined improved sanitation as follows: flush toilet, [4] connection to a piped sewer system, connection to a septic system, flush/pour-flush to a pit latrine, ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrine, pit latrine with slab, composting toilet and/or some special ...
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The outhouse also has the secondary role of protecting the toilet hole from sudden influxes of rainwater, which would flood the hole and flush untreated wastes into the underlying soils before they can decompose. [citation needed] Outhouses are commonly humble and utilitarian, made of lumber or plywood. This is especially so they can easily be ...