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  2. Cognitive bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_bias

    Tendency to be influenced by the first presentation of an issue to create our preconceived idea of it, which we then can adjust with later information. Confirmation bias: Tendency to search for or interpret information in a way that confirms one's preconceptions, and discredit information that does not support the initial opinion. [27]

  3. Scientific misconceptions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_misconceptions

    preconceived notions; nonscientific beliefs; conceptual misunderstandings; vernacular misconceptions; factual misconceptions; Preconceived notions are thinking about a concept in only one way. Specially heat, gravity, and energy. Once a person knows how something works it is difficult to imagine it working a different way.

  4. Schema (psychology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schema_(psychology)

    "Schema" comes from the Greek word schēmat or schēma, meaning "figure". [7]Prior to its use in psychology, the term "schema" had primarily seen use in philosophy.For instance, "schemata" (especially "transcendental schemata") are crucial to the architectonic system devised by Immanuel Kant in his Critique of Pure Reason.

  5. Confirmation bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confirmation_bias

    Studies have stated that myside bias is an absence of "active open-mindedness", meaning the active search for why an initial idea may be wrong. [42] Typically, myside bias is operationalized in empirical studies as the quantity of evidence used in support of their side in comparison to the opposite side.

  6. Bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bias

    Bias is a disproportionate weight in favor of or against an idea or thing, usually in a way that is inaccurate, closed-minded, prejudicial, or unfair. Biases can be innate or learned. Biases can be innate or learned.

  7. Implicit leadership theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implicit_leadership_theory

    Implicit leadership theory (ILT) is a cognitive theory of leadership developed by Robert Lord and colleagues. [1] It is based on the idea that individuals create cognitive representations of the world, and use these preconceived notions to interpret their surroundings and control their behaviors. [2]

  8. Text inferencing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_inferencing

    Forward inferences require the reader to bridge the current text idea to prior world knowledge, and are also referred to as "elaborative inferences." Consider the following sentence: [ 2 ] "The director and the cameraman were ready to shoot closeups when suddenly the actress fell from the 14th story."

  9. Cryptic crossword - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptic_crossword

    A 15x15 lattice-style grid is common for cryptic crosswords. A cryptic crossword is a crossword puzzle in which each clue is a word puzzle. Cryptic crosswords are particularly popular in the United Kingdom, where they originated, [1] as well as Ireland, the Netherlands, and in several Commonwealth nations, including Australia, Canada, India, Kenya, Malta, New Zealand, and South Africa.