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Comparison of fcc and hcp lattices, explaining the formation of stacking faults in close-packed crystals. In crystallography, a stacking fault is a planar defect that can occur in crystalline materials. [1] [2] Crystalline materials form repeating patterns of layers of atoms. Errors can occur in the sequence of these layers and are known as ...
The stacking-fault energy (SFE) is a materials property on a very small scale. It is noted as γ SFE in units of energy per area. A stacking fault is an interruption of the normal stacking sequence of atomic planes in a close-packed crystal structure. These interruptions carry a certain stacking-fault energy.
Throughout the entire APD, atoms sit on the sites typically occupied by atoms of a different species. For example, in an ordered AB alloy, if an A atom occupies the site usually occupied by a B atom, a type of crystallographic point defect called an antisite defect is formed. If an entire region of the crystal is translated such that every atom ...
The analogy with a stack of paper is apt: if a half a piece of paper is inserted in a stack of paper, the defect in the stack is only noticeable at the edge of the half sheet. The screw dislocation is more difficult to visualise, but basically comprises a structure in which a helical path is traced around the linear defect (dislocation line) by ...
defects such as stacking faults, [13] dislocations, [14] grain boundaries, [15] three-dimensional deformations, lattice displacements [16] crystal symmetry information - by looking at the symmetries that appear in the CBED disks, point group [17] and space group determination are performed. [18] [19]
This is because a face-centered cubic has a greater tendency to produce dislocations in the crystal lattice, which are defects that allow the lattice to shift, or "cross-slip," making the metal more prone to galling. However, if the metal has a high number of stacking faults (a difference in stacking sequence between atomic planes), it will be ...
Gene stacking is the combination of more than one gene for plant disease resistance, or crop productivity, or other horticultural traits. [T 1] In plant breeding traditionally that means breeding those genes in, but increasingly also can mean genetic engineering. [T 1] This can be achieved a few different ways, and gene pyramiding is one of ...
Ribosomal pause refers to the queueing or stacking of ribosomes during translation of the nucleotide sequence of mRNA transcripts. These transcripts are decoded and converted into an amino acid sequence during protein synthesis by ribosomes. Due to the pause sites of some mRNA's, there is a disturbance caused in translation. [1]