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Messiah (HWV 56) [1] [n 1] is an English-language oratorio composed in 1741 by George Frideric Handel.The text was compiled from the King James Bible and the Coverdale Psalter [n 2] by Charles Jennens.
Messiah is not a typical Handel oratorio; there are no named characters, as are usually found in Handel's setting of the Old Testament stories, possibly to avoid charges of blasphemy. It is a meditation rather than a drama of personalities, lyrical in method; the narration of the story is carried on by implication, and there is no dialogue.
For Messiah, Handel used the same musical technique as for those works, namely a structure based on chorus and solo singing. The orchestra scoring is simple. Although Handel had good string players at his disposal for the Dublin premiere, [6] he may have been uncertain about the woodwind players who might be available.
Handel's setting of the famous words is strikingly simple and effective: "Glory to God, glory to God in the highest" is sung by the high voices (soprano, alto and tenor), whereas "and peace on earth" is given to the low voices of tenor and bass in unison, with the bass dropping an octave for "on earth". In great contrast, "goodwill towards men ...
(Magister Christian Roth was Handel's cousin.) 24 February 1719 French Johann Mattheson Handel writes that he is in accordance with Mattheson's views on Solmisation (a system of attributing a distinct syllable to each note in a musical scale), and with the lack of usefulness of the Greek musical modes in "modern music" (of Handel's time). On an ...
Mozart first heard Handel's Messiah in London in 1764 or 1765, and then in Mannheim in 1777. The first performance, in English, in Germany was in 1772 in Hamburg. [1] Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach was the first to perform the oratorio in German: he presented it in 1775 in Hamburg, with a libretto translated by Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock and Christoph Daniel Ebeling, followed by repeat ...
Israel in Egypt, HWV 54, is a biblical oratorio by the composer George Frideric Handel. Most scholars believe the libretto was prepared by Charles Jennens, who also compiled the biblical texts for Handel's Messiah. It is composed entirely of selected passages from the Old Testament, mainly from Exodus and the Psalms.
The full verse "For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given: and the government shall be upon his shoulder: and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counselor, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace." is quoted in the libretto of Handel's Messiah.