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The #P-completeness of 01-permanent, sometimes known as Valiant's theorem, [1] is a mathematical proof about the permanent of matrices, considered a seminal result in computational complexity theory. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] In a 1979 scholarly paper , Leslie Valiant proved that the computational problem of computing the permanent of a matrix is #P-hard ...
Solidity is licensed under GNU General Public License v3.0. [9] Solidity was designed by Gavin Wood [10] [non-primary source needed] and developed by Christian Reitwiessner, Alex Beregszaszi, and several former Ethereum core contributors. [11] Programs in Solidity run on Ethereum Virtual Machine or on compatible virtual machines. [12]
The Java virtual machine's set of primitive data types consists of: [12] byte, short, int, long, char (integer types with a variety of ranges) float and double, floating-point numbers with single and double precisions; boolean, a Boolean type with logical values true and false; returnAddress, a value referring to an executable memory address ...
For an ANSI/ISO compliant compiler, the minimum requirements for the specified ranges, that is, −(2 63 −1) [11] to 2 63 −1 for signed and 0 to 2 64 −1 for unsigned, [12] must be fulfilled; however, extending this range is permitted. [17] [18] This can be an issue when exchanging code and data between platforms, or doing direct hardware ...
P is known to contain many natural problems, including the decision versions of linear programming, and finding a maximum matching.In 2002, it was shown that the problem of determining if a number is prime is in P. [1] The related class of function problems is FP.
The quantum complexity class BQP is the class of problems solvable in polynomial time on a quantum Turing machine. By adding postselection , a larger class called PostBQP is obtained. Informally, postselection gives the computer the following power: whenever some event (such as measuring a qubit in a certain state) has nonzero probability, you ...
In linear algebra, an invertible complex square matrix U is unitary if its matrix inverse U −1 equals its conjugate transpose U *, that is, if = =, where I is the identity matrix.. In physics, especially in quantum mechanics, the conjugate transpose is referred to as the Hermitian adjoint of a matrix and is denoted by a dagger ( † ), so the equation above is written
In computational complexity theory, a complexity class is a set of computational problems "of related resource-based complexity". [1] The two most commonly analyzed resources are time and memory. In general, a complexity class is defined in terms of a type of computational problem, a model of computation, and a bounded resource like time or memory.