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A penalty notice issued by local authority parking attendants is a civil penalty backed with powers to obtain payment by civil action and is defined as a penalty charge notice (PCN), distinguishing it from other FPNs which are often backed with a power of criminal prosecution if the penalty is not paid; in the latter case the "fixed penalty" is ...
Anns v Merton London Borough Council [1977] UKHL 4, [1978] AC 728 was a decision of the House of Lords that established a broad test for determining the existence of a duty of care in the tort of negligence, called the Anns test or sometimes the two-stage test for true third-party negligence. The case was overruled by Murphy v Brentwood DC [1991].
The London Borough of Merton and its council were created under the London Government Act 1963, with the first election held in 1964. [3] For its first year the council acted as a shadow authority alongside the area's three outgoing authorities, being the councils of the municipal boroughs of Mitcham and Wimbledon and the urban district of Merton and Morden. [4]
The Supreme Court adopted the Anns test (from Anns v Merton LBC), which allows a claim in tort for economic loss when: a. there is a sufficiently close relationship between the parties so that in the reasonable contemplation of the defendant, carelessness on its part could cause damages to the plaintiff; and
This case overturned a previous ruling Anns v Merton London Borough Council [1978] Murphy v Brentwood District Council [1991] UKHL 2 , [1991] 1 AC 398 was a judicial decision of the House of Lords in relation to recovery for pure economic loss in tort .
This is a list of major cases decided by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. These include appeals from the following countries: [1] Canada (criminal until 1933; Civil case until 1949) Malaysia (until 1985) Australia (until 1986) Singapore (until 1994) Hong Kong (until 1997) New Zealand (until 2003) Most Caribbean countries
The London Borough of Merton (/ ˈ m ɜːr t ə n / ⓘ) is a London borough in London, England. The borough was formed under the London Government Act 1963 in 1965 by the merger of the Municipal Borough of Mitcham , the Municipal Borough of Wimbledon and the Merton and Morden Urban District , all formerly within Surrey .
The Appellants sought permission to appeal to the House of Lords, a certificate having been granted by the divisional court that the case raised an issue of general application and public importance, but leave to appeal was refused by the House of Lords after an oral hearing on grounds that they did not consider that the appeal would "give rise ...