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Sinus node dysfunction (SND), also known as sick sinus syndrome (SSS), is a group of abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) usually caused by a malfunction of the sinus node, the heart's primary pacemaker. [1] [2] Tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome is a variant of sick sinus syndrome in which the arrhythmia alternates between fast and slow heart ...
Studies have shown that patients with Pacemaker syndrome and/or with sick sinus syndrome are at higher risk of developing fatal complications that calls for the patients to be carefully monitored in the ICU. Complications include atrial fibrillation, thrombo-embolic events, and heart failure. [7]
normal sinus rhythm) to reverse the cardiomyopathy. [5] [9] The treatment of the tachyarrhythmia depends on the specific arrhythmia, but possible treatment modalities include rate control, rhythm control with antiarrhythmic agents and cardioversion, radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation, or AV node ablation with permanent pacemaker implantation ...
Upon exertion, an inappropriate heart rate response of sinus tachycardia can be seen in some inborn errors of metabolism that result in metabolic myopathies, such as McArdle disease (GSD-V) [11] [12] and hereditary myopathy with lactic acidosis (Larsson–Linderholm syndrome). [13] [14] Sinus tachycardia is a feature of both postural ...
This sinus rhythm is important because it ensures that the heart's atria reliably contract before the ventricles, ensuring as optimal stroke volume and cardiac output. [ 4 ] In junctional rhythm, however, the sinoatrial node does not control the heart's rhythm – this can happen in the case of a block in conduction somewhere along the pathway ...
Takotsubo syndrome represents about 2% of all patients (and 5–6% of all female patients) who are initially diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). [6] [69] It accounts for 0.02% of all hospitalizations in the US. [6] About 90% of TTS patients are women, [6] [69] whose mean age is about 68 years, and 80% of whom are older than 50 years. [6]
Sinus bradycardia is commonly seen in normal healthy persons and athletes in the absence of pathophysiological diseases or conditions. [1] Different factors or etiologies could lead to the dysfunction of the sinus node, causing a malformation or prolongation of the impulse. In terms of pathophysiological diseases, sinus rhythm may be caused by:
Lown–Ganong–Levine syndrome (LGL) is a pre-excitation syndrome of the heart. Those with LGL syndrome have episodes of abnormal heart racing with a short PR interval and normal QRS complexes seen on their electrocardiogram when in a normal sinus rhythm .