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He researched the capacity of the working memory, discovering that people can only hold up to 7 plus or minus 2 items. He also created the term chunking when explaining how to make the most of our short-term memory. [7] Two other theorists associated with the cognitive information processing theory are Richard C. Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin ...
According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin memory model or multi-store model, for information to be firmly implanted in memory it must pass through three stages of mental processing: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. [7] An example of this is the working memory model.
Typical level-of-processing theory would predict that picture encodings would create deeper processing than lexical encoding. "Memory over the short term and the long term has been thought to differ in many ways in terms of capacity, the underlying neural substrates, and the types of processes that support performance." [13]
The term short-term store was the name previously used for working memory. Other suggested names were short-term memory, primary memory, immediate memory, operant memory, and provisional memory. [8] Short-term memory is the ability to remember information over a brief period (in the order of seconds).
Finally, the function of long-term memory is to store through various categorical models or systems. [9] Declarative, or explicit memory, is the conscious storage and recollection of data. [10] Under declarative memory resides semantic and episodic memory. Semantic memory refers to memory that is encoded with specific meaning. [2]
The theory of encoding specificity finds similarities between the process of recognition and that of recall. The encoding specificity principle states that memory utilizes information from the memory trace, or the situation in which it was learned, and from the environment in which it is retrieved.
In this theory, the familiarity process would be the first activated as a fast search for recognition. If that is unsuccessful in retrieving the memory trace, then there is a more forced search into the long-term memory store. [24] The "horse-race" model is a more recent view of dual process theories.
A 'second wave' connectionist (ANN) model with a hidden layer. Connectionism is an approach to the study of human mental processes and cognition that utilizes mathematical models known as connectionist networks or artificial neural networks.