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The neutral wire is identified by gray or white insulated wire, perhaps using stripes or markings. With lamp cord wire the ribbed wire is the neutral, and the smooth wire is the hot. NEC 2008 400.22(f) allows surface marking with ridged, grooves or white stripes on the surface of lamp cord.
Ungrounded (left) and grounded (right) power plugs Common North American 125-volt receptacles. All accept a 1-15P plug; the two on the left also accept grounded 5-15P plugs; the second from the left also accepts 5-20P plugs. The NEMA 5-15R device on the far left is most common; the two rightmost designs are typically seen in older buildings.
These are used for both 220-volt and 127-volt regions of the country, despite the IEC 60906-2 recommendation that NEMA 5-15 be used for 120 V connections. There are two types of sockets and plugs in NBR 14136: one for 10 A, with a 4.0 mm pin diameter, and another for 20 A, with a 4.8 mm pin diameter. [ 13 ]
This standard established 120 volt nominal system and two ranges for service voltage and utilization voltage variations. [18] Today, virtually all American homes and businesses have access to 120 and 240 V at 60 Hz. Both voltages are available on the three wires (two "hot" legs of opposite phase and one "neutral" leg).
For example, in North America, a unique split-phase system is used to supply to most premises that works by center tapping a 240 volt transformer. This system is able to concurrently provide 240 volts and 120 volts. Consequently, this allows homeowners to wire up both 240 V and 120 V circuits as they wish (as regulated by local building codes).
Single-pole circuit breakers feed 120 V circuits from one of the 120 V buses within the panel, or two-pole circuit breakers feed 240-volt circuits from both buses. 120 V circuits are the most common, and used to power NEMA 1 and NEMA 5 outlets, and most residential and light commercial direct-wired lighting circuits.
The normal technical term (in both British and International English) for an AC power socket is socket-outlet, [4] but in non-technical common use a number of other terms are used. In British English the general term is socket, but there are numerous common alternatives, including power point, [5] plug socket, [6] wall socket, [7] and wall plug ...
A 120 volt combination AFCI/GFCI receptacle Unlike circuit breakers and fuses, which only open the circuit when the current exceeds a fixed value for a fixed time, a GFCI device will interrupt electrical service when more than 4 to 6 milliamperes of current in either conductor leaks to ground.