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  2. Homologous chromosome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homologous_chromosome

    Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes in a diploid organism that have similar genes, although not necessarily identical. [4] There are two main properties of homologous chromosomes: 1) the length of chromosomal arms and 2) the placement of the centromere. [5]

  3. Sister chromatids - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sister_chromatids

    The paternal (blue) chromosome and the maternal (pink) chromosome are homologous chromosomes. Following chromosomal DNA replication, the blue chromosome is composed of two identical sister chromatids and the pink chromosome is composed of two identical sister chromatids. In mitosis, the sister chromatids separate into the daughter cells, but ...

  4. Zygosity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygosity

    A cell is said to be homozygous for a particular gene when identical alleles of the gene are present on both homologous chromosomes. [2] An individual that is homozygous-dominant for a particular trait carries two copies of the allele that codes for the dominant trait. This allele, often called the "dominant allele", is normally represented by ...

  5. Chromosome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 23 December 2024. DNA molecule containing genetic material of a cell This article is about the DNA molecule. For the genetic algorithm, see Chromosome (genetic algorithm). Chromosome (10 7 - 10 10 bp) DNA Gene (10 3 - 10 6 bp) Function A chromosome and its packaged long strand of DNA unraveled. The DNA's ...

  6. Sequence homology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequence_homology

    In allopolyploids, the homologous chromosomes within each parental sub-genome should pair faithfully during meiosis, leading to disomic inheritance; however in some allopolyploids, the homoeologous chromosomes of the parental genomes may be nearly as similar to one another as the homologous chromosomes, leading to tetrasomic inheritance (four ...

  7. Chromatid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatid

    Chromatid pairs are normally genetically identical, and said to be homozygous. However, if mutations occur, they will present slight differences, in which case they are heterozygous. The pairing of chromatids should not be confused with the ploidy of an organism, which is the number of homologous versions of a chromosome.

  8. Cell division - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_division

    The thick lines are chromosomes, and the thin blue lines are fibers pulling on the chromosomes and pushing the ends of the cell apart. The cell cycle in eukaryotes: I = Interphase, M = Mitosis, G 0 = Gap 0, G 1 = Gap 1, G 2 = Gap 2, S = Synthesis, G 3 = Gap 3. Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two daughter cells. [1]

  9. Synteny - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synteny

    Synteny (in the modern sense) between human and mouse chromosomes. Colors in the human chromosomes indicate regions homologous with parts of the mouse chromosome of the same color. For instance, sequences homologous to mouse chromosome 1 are primarily on human chromosomes 1 and 2, but also 6, 8, and 18.