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Nutrition is the biochemical and physiological process by which an organism uses food to support its life. It provides organisms with nutrients , which can be metabolized to create energy and chemical structures.
Human nutrition deals with the provision of essential nutrients in food that are necessary to support human life and good health. [1] Poor nutrition is a chronic problem often linked to poverty, food security, or a poor understanding of nutritional requirements. [2]
People on a balanced vegetarian or vegan diet can obtain adequate nutrition, but may need to specifically focus on consuming specific nutrients, such as protein, iron, calcium, zinc, and vitamin B 12. [5] [2] [6] Raw foodism and intuitive eating are other approaches to dietary choices. Education, income, local availability, and mental health ...
Nutritional science (also nutrition science, sometimes short nutrition, dated trophology [1]) is the science that studies the physiological process of nutrition (primarily human nutrition), interpreting the nutrients and other substances in food in relation to maintenance, growth, reproduction, health and disease of an organism.
A healthy diet provides the body with essential nutrition: fluid, macronutrients such as protein, micronutrients such as vitamins, and adequate fibre and food energy. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] A healthy diet may contain fruits, vegetables, and whole grains , and may include little to no ultra-processed foods or sweetened beverages .
By definition, phytochemicals include all nutritional and non-nutritional components of edible plants. [36] Included as nutritional constituents are provitamin A carotenoids , [ 37 ] whereas those without nutrient status are diverse polyphenols , flavonoids , resveratrol , and lignans that are present in numerous plant foods. [ 38 ]
Nutritionism is a paradigm that assumes that it is the scientifically identified nutrients in foods that determine the value of individual food stuffs in the diet. [1] In other words, it is the idea that the nutritional value of a food is the sum of all its individual nutrients, vitamins, and other components.
Nutrition education promotes healthy-eating and exercise behaviors. [3] The work of nutrition educators takes place in colleges, universities and schools, government agencies, cooperative extension, communications and public relations firms, the food industry, voluntary and service organizations and with other reliable places of nutrition and health education information. [2]