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A corpus cavernosum penis (singular) (from Latin, characterised by "cavities/ hollows" [2] of the penis, pl.: corpora cavernosa) is one of a pair of sponge-like regions of erectile tissue, which contain most of the blood in the penis of several animals during an erection.
From the internal surface of the fibrous envelope of the corpora cavernosa penis, as well as from the sides of the septum, numerous bands or cords are given off, which cross the interior of these corpora cavernosa in all directions, subdividing them into a number of separate compartments, and giving the entire structure a spongy appearance.
The tunica albuginea is the fibrous envelope that extends the length of the corpus cavernosum penis and corpus spongiosum penis. It is a bi-layered structure that includes an outer longitudinal layer and an inner circular layer. [1]
Erectile tissue exists in external genitals such as the corpora cavernosa of the penis and their homologs in the clitoris, also called the corpora cavernosa. [2] During penile or clitoral erection , the corpora cavernosa will become engorged with arterial blood, a process called tumescence . [ 3 ]
Each crus represents the tapering, posterior fourth of each corpora cavernosa penis; the two corpora cavernosa are situated alongside each other along the length of the body of penis while the two crura diverge laterally in the root of penis before attaching firmly onto either ischial ramus at their proximal end. [citation needed]
The corpora cavernosa are innervated by lesser and greater cavernous nerves and form most of the penis containing blood vessels that fill with blood to help make an erection. [8] The crura are the proximal parts of the corpora cavernosa. The corpus spongiosum is an erectile tissue surrounding the urethra.
They continue into the dorsal aspect of the shaft forming the two corpora cavernosa that are separated by the septum of the penis. [5] During arousal, the root and the corpora cavernosa engorge with blood and become rigid . Meanwhile, the corpus spongiosum remains pliable making the urethra a viable channel for semen during ejaculation. [6]
The body or shaft of the penis is the free portion of the human penis that is located outside of the pelvic cavity. [1] It is the continuation of the internal root, which is embedded in the pelvis and extends to the glans. [2] It is made up of the two corpora cavernosa and the corpus spongiosum on the underside.