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The Mesozoic Era [3] is the era of Earth's geological history, lasting from about , comprising the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous Periods.It is characterized by the dominance of gymnosperms such as cycads, ginkgoaceae and araucarian conifers, and of archosaurian reptiles such as the dinosaurs; a hot greenhouse climate; and the tectonic break-up of Pangaea.
From c. 200 to c. 290 there was a period of cooling, which affected the northwestern provinces of the Empire. [3] Dendrochronology indicates that severe drought which began in 338 and persisted until 377 forced the nomadic pastoral federation of Huns to seek pastures and predation farther to the west and south. [ 3 ]
The MWP is generally thought to have occurred from about 950 CE to about 1250 CE, during the European Middle Ages. [2] Some researchers divide the MWP into two phases: MWP-I, which began around 450 CE and ended around 900 CE, and MWP-II, which lasted from about 1000 CE to about 1300 CE; MWP-I is called the early Medieval Warm Period while MWP-II is called the conventional Medieval Warm Period. [8]
The Older Dryas is a period of cooling during the Bølling–Allerød warming, estimated to be from 13,900 to 13,600 years before present (BP), [7] and the estimated ages can vary using different age dating methods. Numerous studies on chronology and palaeoclimate of last deglaciation show a cooling event within Bølling–Allerød warming that ...
Late Cenozoic Ice Age, the geologic period of the last 33.9 million years Little Ice Age , a period of relative cold in certain regions from roughly 1450–1480 Pleistocene , a geologic epoch, often colloquially referred to as the "Ice Age", that includes the world's most recent repeated glaciations (2,580,000 to 11,700 years ago)
The Younger Dryas (YD, Greenland Stadial GS-1) [2] was a period in Earth's geologic history that occurred circa 12,900 to 11,700 years Before Present (BP). [3] It is primarily known for the sudden or "abrupt" cooling in the Northern Hemisphere, when the North Atlantic Ocean cooled and annual air temperatures decreased by ~3 °C (5.4 °F) over North America, 2–6 °C (3.6–10.8 °F) in Europe ...
The different inhabitants of Greenland, specifically in the west, migrated primarily in response to temperature change. The Saqqaq people arrived in Greenland around 4,500 B.P. and experienced moderate temperature variation for the first 1,100 years of occupation; near 3,400 B.P. a cooling period began that pushed the Saqqaq toward the west.
The Eocene-Oligocene transition was a major cooling event and reorganization of the biosphere, [33] [34] being part of a broader trend of global cooling lasting from the Bartonian to the Rupelian. [ 35 ] [ 36 ] The transition is marked by the Oi1 event, an oxygen isotope excursion occurring approximately 33.55 million years ago, [ 37 ] during ...