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  2. Altitudinal zonation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitudinal_zonation

    Altitudinal zonation (or elevational zonation [1]) in mountainous regions describes the natural layering of ecosystems that occurs at distinct elevations due to varying environmental conditions. Temperature , humidity , soil composition, and solar radiation are important factors in determining altitudinal zones, which consequently support ...

  3. Geography of Nepal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Nepal

    Altitudinal belts Satellite image of Nepal in October 2002 Nepal's latitude is about the same as that of the United States state of Florida , however with elevations ranging from less than 100 meters (300 ft) to over 8,000 meters (26,000 ft) and precipitation from 160 millimeters (6 in) to over 5,000 millimeters (16 ft) the country has eight ...

  4. Naina Devi Himalayan Bird Conservation Reserve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naina_Devi_Himalayan_Bird...

    Nainital forest division at present has several birding trails and forest patches consisting of temperate broad-leaf forests to alpine grasslands to rhododendron shrubberies. Wide altitudinal variation supports a very large segment of avian fauna to inhibit in this forest range.

  5. Glossary of geography terms (A–M) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_geography_terms...

    Also amphidrome and tidal node. A geographical location where there is little or no tide, i.e. where the tidal amplitude is zero or nearly zero because the height of sea level does not change appreciably over time (meaning there is no high tide or low tide), and around which a tidal crest circulates once per tidal period (approximately every 12 hours). Tidal amplitude increases, though not ...

  6. Aspect (geography) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspect_(geography)

    This can have major effects on altitudinal and polar limits of tree growth and also on the distribution of vegetation that requires large quantities of moisture. In Australia , for example, remnants of rainforest are almost always found on east-facing slopes which are protected from dry westerly wind .

  7. Countergradient variation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countergradient_Variation

    Countergradient variation, originally termed "contra-gradient variation", was coined by Richard Levins in his 1968 book Evolution in Changing Environments. [2] Levins first used the term when describing patterns of body size across an altitudinal gradient in populations of Drosophila , [ 4 ] and since then many other instances of ...

  8. Rapoport's rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapoport's_rule

    Narrower ranges in the tropics would facilitate more species to coexist. He later extended the rule to altitudinal gradients, claiming that altitudinal ranges are greatest at greater latitudes (Stevens 1992 [4]), and to depth gradients in the oceans (Stevens 1996 [5]). The rule has been the focus of intense discussion and given much impetus to ...

  9. Altitudinal migration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitudinal_migration

    Altitudinal migration is a short-distance animal migration from lower altitudes to higher altitudes and back. [1] [2] Altitudinal migrants change their elevation with the seasons making this form of animal migration seasonal. [3] [4] Altitudinal migration can be most commonly observed in species inhabiting temperate or tropical ecosystems. [3]