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  2. Matching pennies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matching_pennies

    Odds and evens - a game with the same strategic structure, that is played with fingers instead of coins. Rock paper scissors - a similar game in which each player has three strategies instead of two. Parity game - a much more complicated two-player logic game, played on a colored graph. Penney's game - an exploitable sequence game

  3. Independent and identically distributed random variables

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_and...

    Identically distributed: Regardless of whether the coin is fair (with a probability of 1/2 for heads) or biased, as long as the same coin is used for each flip, the probability of getting heads remains consistent across all flips. Such a sequence of i.i.d. variables is also called a Bernoulli process.

  4. Coins in a fountain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coins_in_a_fountain

    Coins in a fountain is a problem in combinatorial mathematics that involves a generating function.In this problem, a fountain is an arrangement of non-overlapping unit circles into horizontal rows in the plane so that consecutive circles in the bottom row are tangent to each other, and such that each circle in a higher row is tangent to two coins from the next row below it.

  5. Maze generation algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maze_generation_algorithm

    To create a binary tree maze, for each cell flip a coin to decide whether to add a passage leading up or left. Always pick the same direction for cells on the boundary, and the result will be a valid simply connected maze that looks like a binary tree, with the upper left corner its root. As with Sidewinder, the binary tree maze has no dead ...

  6. Random password generator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_password_generator

    The first die roll selects a row in the table and the second a column. So, for example, a roll of 2 followed by a roll of 4 would select the letter "j" from the fractionation table below. [10] To generate upper/lower case characters or some symbols a coin flip can be used, heads capital, tails lower case.

  7. Random binary tree - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_binary_tree

    Another way to generate the same trees is to make a sequence of coin flips, with probability of heads and probability of tails, until the first flip at which the number of tails exceeds the number of heads (for the model in which an external root is allowed) or exceeds one plus the number of heads (when the root must be internal), and then use ...

  8. Bootstrapping (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bootstrapping_(statistics)

    We flip the coin and record whether it lands heads or tails. Let X = x 1, x 2, …, x 10 be 10 observations from the experiment. x i = 1 if the i th flip lands heads, and 0 otherwise. By invoking the assumption that the average of the coin flips is normally distributed, we can use the t-statistic to estimate the distribution of the sample mean,

  9. Penney's game - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penney's_game

    As this card-based version is quite similar to multiple repetitions of the original coin game, the second player's advantage is greatly amplified. The probabilities are slightly different because the odds for each flip of a coin are independent while the odds of drawing a red or black card each time is dependent on previous draws. Note that HHT ...