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Mature horses appear to develop a certain degree of resistance to this parasite, but it is a concern for younger horses up to about two years old. [4] P. equorum is one of the few parasites where a natural immunity develops in the host. [3] However, when an infection is found in an adult horse, both the worm and egg counts are substantially low ...
After the eggs have hatched in the feces, the larvae are ingested by the maggots of various flies that lay their eggs in the feces (such as Stomoxys (the stable fly) or Musca (the house fly). The nematode larvae develop within the maggot for about one week (depending upon ambient temperature), as the maggots mature into the imago (adult) fly .
Treating a horse with regular dewormer when they have the worms inside of them may cause the worms to migrate all at once, causing rupture of the intestines and lead to death. [11] Recommendations for deworming horses include performing fecal egg counts to determine what kind of protection each individual horse requires and alternating products ...
The fecal egg count reduction test was suggested in the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology guideline for estimating the reduction in fecal egg counts and its corresponding confidence interval. [1] The results of this test can be used to determine the anthelmintic resistance status of the animals.
Veterinary parasitology is a branch of veterinary medicine that deals with the study of morphology, life-cycle, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and control of eukaryotic invertebrates of the kingdom Animalia and the taxon Protozoa that depend upon other invertebrates and higher vertebrates for their propagation, nutrition, and metabolism without necessarily causing the death of their hosts.
The site of entry for the parasite is thought to be through breaks in the skin or through mucous membranes. [2] This nematode is now distributed worldwide, as cases of equine infections have been found in Canada, Florida, the Nordic regions, and Arabian horses alike. [3] [4] [5]
Lifecycle is similar to mosquitoes: females lay eggs on plants at surface of streams and rivers; larvae settle onto solid substrate in water and feed on suspended organic detritus; pupation occurs at water surface. Hosts are most livestock species, horses and poultry and many wild animals. Humans also may be severely distressed by blackflies.
Gasterophilus intestinalis, also known as horse bot fly, is a species of insect of the family Oestridae, [2] and is found worldwide. [3] The adults, which have a bumblebee-like appearance, are prominently active in the summer. [4] G. intestinalis is primarily a parasite of horses, mules and donkeys, [5] rarely of other animals. [6]