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Also known as the Ostwald–de Waele power law after Wilhelm Ostwald and Armand de Waele, [1] [2] this mathematical relationship is useful because of its simplicity, but only approximately describes the behaviour of a real non-Newtonian fluid. For example, if n were less than one, the power law predicts that the effective viscosity would ...
The Ostwald and de Waele equation can be written in a logarithmic form: log ( τ ) = log ( K ) + n log ( γ ˙ ) {\displaystyle \log(\tau )=\log(K)+n\log \left({\dot {\gamma }}\right)} The apparent viscosity is defined as η = τ γ ˙ {\displaystyle \eta ={\tau \over {\dot {\gamma }}}} , and this may be plugged into the Ostwald ...
Fluid balance is an aspect of the homeostasis of organisms in which the amount of water in the organism needs to be controlled, via osmoregulation and behavior, such that the concentrations of electrolytes (salts in solution) in the various body fluids are kept within healthy ranges.
Growth of bubbles in a liquid foam via Ostwald ripening. [2] Ostwald ripening is a phenomenon observed in solid solutions and liquid sols that involves the change of an inhomogeneous structure over time, in that small crystals or sol particles first dissolve and then redeposit onto larger crystals or sol particles. [3]
The Herschel–Bulkley fluid is a generalized model of a non-Newtonian fluid, in which the strain experienced by the fluid is related to the stress in a complicated, non-linear way. Three parameters characterize this relationship: the consistency k , the flow index n , and the yield shear stress τ 0 {\displaystyle \tau _{0}} .
Armand Michel A. de Waele FRIC FInstP (17 November 1887 – December 1966) was a British chemist, noted for his contributions to rheology, and after whom the Ostwald–de Waele relationship for non-Newtonian fluids is named. [1] De Waele was born in Islington, London, in 1887, the son of a Belgian father and French mother.
Osmoregulation is the active regulation of the osmotic pressure of an organism's body fluids, detected by osmoreceptors, to maintain the homeostasis of the organism's water content; that is, it maintains the fluid balance and the concentration of electrolytes (salts in solution which in this case is represented by body fluid) to keep the body fluids from becoming too diluted or concentrated.
Shell balances can be used in many situations. For example, flow in a pipe, the flow of multiple fluids around each other, or flow due to pressure difference. Although terms in the shell balance and boundary conditions will change, the basic set up and process is the same.