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  2. Infidel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infidel

    For example, some texts of the Sunni sect of Islam include other sects of Islam such as Shia as infidel. [40] Certain sects of Islam, such as Wahhabism, include as kafir those Muslims who undertake Sufi shrine pilgrimage and follow Shia teachings about Imams. [41] [42] [43] [page needed] Similarly, in Africa and South Asia, certain sects of ...

  3. Kafir - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafir

    According to scholar Marilyn Waldman, as the Quran "progresses" (as the reader goes from the verses revealed first to later ones), the meaning behind the term kafir does not change but "progresses", i.e. "accumulates meaning over time". As the Islamic prophet Muhammad's views of his opponents change, his use of kafir "undergoes a development".

  4. Taqiyya - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taqiyya

    Taqiyya is of fundamental importance in Islam. Practically every Islamic sect agrees to it and practices it ... We can go so far as to say that the practice of taqiyya is mainstream in Islam, and that those few sects not practicing it diverge from the mainstream ... Taqiyya is very prevalent in Islamic politics, especially in the modern era.

  5. Apostasy in Islam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostasy_in_Islam

    Throughout Islamic history the Muslim community, scholars, and schools of fiqh have agreed that scripture prescribes this penalty; scripture must take precedence over reason or modern norms of human rights, as Islam is the one true religion; "no compulsion in religion" (Q.2:256) does not apply to this punishment; apostasy is "spiritual and ...

  6. Dhimmi - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhimmi

    The client status established the rights of the non-Muslims to property, livelihood and freedom of worship but they were in essence treated as second-class citizens in the empire and referred to in Turkish as gavours, a pejorative word meaning "infidel" or "unbeliever". The clause of the Pact of Umar which prohibited non-Muslims from building ...

  7. Mulhid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulhid

    Mulhid (z plural ملحدون mulḥidun and ملاحدۃ malāḥidah) [1] is an Islamic religious term meaning apostate, atheist, infidel or heretic. [2] [3] In pre-Islamic times the term was used in the literal sense of the root l-ḥ-d: "incline, deviate". [2] Its religious meaning is based on the Quranic verses 7:180, 22:25, and 41:40.

  8. Zandaqa - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zandaqa

    In time, Muslim theologians came to apply zindiq to "the criminal dissident—the professing Muslim who holds beliefs or follows practices contrary to the central beliefs of Islam and is therefore to be regarded as an apostate and an infidel. The jurists differ as to the theoretical formulation of the point of exclusion, but in fact usually ...

  9. Al-Anfal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Anfal

    Museum of the Islamic Era Double-page from the Sultan Barquq's Qur'an with heading for chapter Al-Anfal. Rayhani script. Cairo, c. 1370 - 1375. British Library. Al-Anfal [1] (Arabic: ٱلأنفال, al-ʾanfāl; meaning The Spoils of War, [2] Earnings, Savings, Profits) [3] is the eighth chapter of the Quran, with 75 verses .