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A bow-tie diagram is a graphic tool used to describe a possible damage process in terms of the mechanisms that may initiate an event in which energy is released, creating possible outcomes, which themselves produce adverse consequences such as injury and damage. The diagram is centred on the (generally unintended) event with credible initiating ...
The Swiss cheese model is nowadays widely used within process safety. Each slice of cheese is usually associated to a safety-critical system , often with the support of bow-tie diagrams . This use has become particularly common when applied to oil and gas drilling and production, both for illustrative purposes and to support other processes ...
Safety-critical systems are increasingly computer-based. Safety-critical systems are a concept often used together with the Swiss cheese model to represent (usually in a bow-tie diagram) how a threat can escalate to a major accident through the failure of
Further, diagrammatic representations of hazardous events are often expected by governmental regulators as part of risk management in safety case submissions; these are known as bow-tie diagrams (see Network theory in risk assessment). The technique is also used by organisations and regulators in mining, aviation, health, defence, industrial ...
For example, on Figure 4, vertex 3 has a degree of five. Hubs are vertices in a network with a relatively higher degree. Vertex 3 again is a good example. In a social network, hubs can mean individuals with many acquaintances. In risk assessment, it can mean a hazardous event with multiple triggers (or the causal part of a bow-tie diagram).
Process safety is an interdisciplinary engineering domain focusing on the study, prevention, and management of large-scale fires, explosions and chemical accidents (such as toxic gas clouds) in process plants or other facilities dealing with hazardous materials, such as refineries and oil and gas (onshore and offshore) production installations ...
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It is one of the elements of OSHA's program for Process Safety Management. There are several methodologies that can be used to conduct a PHA, including checklists , hazard identification (HAZID) reviews, what-if reviews and SWIFT , hazard and operability studies (HAZOP), failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA), etc. PHA methods are qualitative ...