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Synroc, a portmanteau of "synthetic rock", is a means of safely storing radioactive waste. It was pioneered in 1978 by a team led by Professor Ted Ringwood at the Australian National University , with further research undertaken in collaboration with ANSTO at research laboratories in Lucas Heights .
The classification method depends on the type and detail of research being conducted. [1] [2] [5] A sedimentary rock composed largely of gravel is first named according to the roundness of the gravel. If the gravel clasts that comprise it are largely well-rounded to subrounded, it is a conglomerate.
Experimental petrology is the field of research concerned with experimentally determining the physical and chemical behavior of rocks and their constituents. [1] Because there is no way to directly observe or measure deep earth processes, geochemists rely on experimental petrology to establish quantitative values and relationships in order to construct models of the deep earth.
Research at Argyle diamond have shown that most stones are of E-type; they originate from eclogite source rocks and were formed under high temperature ~1,400 °C (2,600 °F). The Argyle diamond mine is the main source of rare pink diamonds. Olivine lamproite pyroclastic rocks and dikes are sometimes hosts for diamonds.
Igneous rocks are divided into two main categories: Plutonic or intrusive rocks result when magma cools and crystallizes slowly within the Earth's crust. A common example of this type is granite. Volcanic or extrusive rocks result from magma reaching the surface either as lava or fragmental ejecta, forming minerals such as pumice or basalt. [5]
Those rocks that contain the most silica, and on crystallizing yield free quartz, form a group generally designated the "felsic" rocks. Those again that contain the least silica and most magnesia and iron, so that quartz is absent while olivine is usually abundant, form the "mafic" group.
Anthropic rock is rock that is made, modified and moved by humans. Concrete is the most widely known example of this. [ 1 ] The new category has been proposed to recognise that human-made rocks are likely to last for long periods of Earth's future geological time , and will be important in humanity's long-term future.
Petrophysics (from the Greek πέτρα, petra, "rock" and φύσις, physis, "nature") is the study of physical and chemical rock properties and their interactions with fluids. [1] A major application of petrophysics is in studying reservoirs for the hydrocarbon industry.