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Salt marsh during low tide, mean low tide, high tide and very high tide (spring tide). A coastal salt marsh in Perry, Florida, USA.. A salt marsh, saltmarsh or salting, also known as a coastal salt marsh or a tidal marsh, is a coastal ecosystem in the upper coastal intertidal zone between land and open saltwater or brackish water that is regularly flooded by the tides.
The salt produced in the salterns are a protected geographical indication in Europe. The Cáhuil salt ponds, in the O'Higgins Region, Chile. The Manaure salt ponds, in La Guajira Department, Colombia. The Salineras de Maras, Peru, in the Cusco Region. The saltworks of Alcácer do Sal, Comporta, and Castro Marim in Portugal
Inland salt marshes are quite rare and have unique conservation needs, yet there is a severe lack of research on these ecosystems. Protected by the European Natura 2000 network [ 8 ] and classified as a G1 category endangered ecosystem, [ 1 ] there is a strong need to protect these rare, decreasing ecosystems, yet a lack of available research ...
Outwelling is a hypothesized process by which coastal salt marshes and mangroves, “hot spots” of production, produce an excess amount of carbon each year and “outwell” these organic nutrients and detritus into the surrounding coastal embayment or ocean, thus increasing the productivity of local fisheries or other coastal plants.
Salt marshes can be generally divided into the high marsh, low marsh, and the upland border. The low marsh is closer to the ocean, with it being flooded at nearly every tide except low tide. [53] The high marsh is located between the low marsh and the upland border and it usually only flooded when higher than usual tides are present. [53]
The Ohlone Indians made salt from the bay by evaporating bay water in naturally occurring tide pools. [7] At the time of the Gold Rush, salt was an important part of food preservation and was used in many industries. The favorable conditions and the immediate need sparked the explosion in salt production. [8]
The majority of Salt Marsh development comes from allogenic succession. [4] The constant exposure to water in the intertidal zone causes the soil of a salt marsh to change over time. This results in sedimentation and nutrient buildup that also slowly raises the level of the land.
Brackish marshes develop from salt marshes where a significant freshwater influx dilutes the seawater to brackish levels of salinity. This commonly happens upstream from salt marshes by estuaries of coastal rivers or near the mouths of coastal rivers with heavy freshwater discharges in the conditions of low tidal ranges .