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Velvet disease (also called gold-dust, rust and coral disease) is a fish disease caused by dinoflagellate parasites of the genera Amyloodinium in marine fish, and Oodinium in freshwater fish. The disease gives infected organisms a dusty, brownish-gold color. The disease occurs most commonly in tropical fish, and to a lesser extent, marine ...
Adult Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens) with velvet disease. Oodinium is a genus of parasitic dinoflagellates. Their hosts are salt- and fresh-water fish, causing a type of fish velvet disease (also called gold dust disease). One species has also been recorded on various cnidarians. [2]
Disease Cause Fish Affected Image Symptoms Treatment Marine velvet: Amyloodinium parasite: All, fresh and salt water: Powdered appearance, gasping and disorganized swimming: Velvet disease: Oodinium and other parasites: All salt and freshwater fish: Golden dots, rubbing against rocks while swimming: Septicemia or Egtved virus: Viral hemorrhagic ...
Amyloodinium ocellatum (Brown, 1931) is a cosmopolitan ectoparasite dinoflagellate of numerous aquatic organisms living in brackish and seawater environments. The dinoflagellate is endemic in temperate and tropical areas, and is capable of successfully adapting to a variety of different environments and to a great number of hosts, having been identified in four phyla of aquatic organisms ...
However, the disease can also develop without the fish showing any external signs of illness, the fish maintain a normal appetite, and then they suddenly die. The disease can progress slowly throughout an infected farm and, in the worst cases, death rates may approach 100 per cent. It is also a threat to the dwindling stocks of wild salmon.
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Various chemotherapeutants can be applied for the treatment of infected fish and infected fish farm systems but caution should always be observed during any treatment. Some drugs are toxic to certain fish species and any treatment method must take into account the species of fish (some do not tolerate certain medications).
Several species are known to cause disease in freshwater fish. [3] Flavobacterium psychrophilum causes the bacterial cold water disease on salmonids and the rainbow trout fry disease on rainbow trout. F. columnare causes the cotton-wool disease on freshwater fishes. F. branchiophilum causes the bacterial gill disease on trout.