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Common sites for squamous metaplasia include the bladder and cervix. Smokers often exhibit squamous metaplasia in the linings of their airways. These changes don't signify a specific disease, but rather usually represent the body's response to stress or irritation. Vitamin A deficiency or overdose can also lead to squamous metaplasia. [1]
neglected squamous cell carcinoma skin of scalp Advanced squamous cell carcinoma, excision specimen. Note invasion subcutaneous tissue. Cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma (cSCC), also known as squamous-cell carcinoma of the skin or squamous-cell skin cancer, is one of the three principal types of skin cancer, alongside basal-cell carcinoma and melanoma.
Predictors associated with worse prognosis of MBC include age younger than 39 years at presentation, tumor invasion of the skin, and squamous cell carcinoma spread to the lymph nodes. The 5-year survival rate for MBC varies by classification, and ranges from 49% in the most deadly classifications to 64%.
Squamous-cell skin cancer (SCC) is commonly a red, scaling, thickened patch on sun-exposed skin. Some are firm hard nodules and dome shaped like keratoacanthomas. Ulceration and bleeding may occur. When SCC is not treated, it may develop into a large mass. Squamous-cell is the second most common skin cancer.
The term "Empty Nose Syndrome" was first used by Eugene Kern and Monika Stenkvist of the Mayo Clinic in 1994. [3] Kern and Eric Moore published a case study of 242 people with secondary atrophic rhinitis in 2001 and were the first to attribute the cause to prior sinonasal surgery in the scientific literature.
Barrett's esophagus is marked by the presence of columnar epithelia in the lower esophagus, replacing the normal squamous cell epithelium—an example of metaplasia. The secretory columnar epithelium may be more able to withstand the erosive action of the gastric secretions; however, this metaplasia confers an increased risk of adenocarcinoma.
However, that theory is also controversial since Hashimoto's thyroiditis and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (neoplasms to be shown [clarification needed] squamous metaplasia) are not associated with SCT. Primary STC is usually diagnosed in both lobes of the thyroid gland. The histopathology of STC shows a squamous differentiation of tumor cells.
Squamous-cell carcinoma of the skin is generally distinguishable by for example relatively more cytoplasm, horn cyst formation, and absence of palisading and cleft formations. Yet, a high prevalence means a relatively high incidence of borderline cases, such as basal-cell carcinoma with squamous cell metaplasia (H&E stain at left in image).