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The Sack of Kilwa (Portuguese: Saque de Quiloa) was a military campaign carried out by the Portuguese on 24 July 1505, led by Dom Francisco de Almeida, against the city-state of the Kilwa Sultanate. The operation resulted in a decisive Portuguese victory and the sacking of Kilwa, a prominent trading hub along the Swahili Coast .
To the north, Kilwa's power was checked by the independent Somali city-state of Mogadishu (the once-dominant city, Kilwa's main rival) and the Adal Sultanate (the muslim Sultanate located in the Horn of Africa.). To the south, Kilwa's reach extended as far as Cape Correntes, below which merchant ships did not usually dare sail. [7]
In the following centuries, trade in goods from the African interior, such as gold, ivory, and slaves stimulated the development of market towns such as Mogadishu, Shanga, Kilwa, and Mombasa. These communities formed the earliest city-states in the region [ 39 ] which were collectively known to the Roman Empire as " Azania ".
Hassan bin Omari's origins stem from the Makanjila Yao [2] people who, by the 19th century, controlled the main trade route from the southern shores of Lake Nyasa (now Lake Malawi) and the Zambezi valley to the southern coast of Tanganyika (now Tanzania), and in particular to Kilwa Kivinje, which had become the principal port for exportation of ...
GEA's area was 994,996 km 2 (384,170 sq mi), [2] [3] which was nearly three times the area of present-day Germany and almost double the area of metropolitan Germany at the time. The colony was organised when the German military was asked in the late 1880s to put down a revolt against the activities of the German East Africa Company .
So the establishment of a permanent Portuguese state authority in the Indian Ocean in 1505, a "Estado da India", with explicit political authority, and a permanent local governor, superior to the armada captains in India, able to control their behavior and enforce terms, was essential to win the trust of Indian rulers, and enable Portugal to ...
The Kilwa Sultanate was a medieval sultanate centred at Kilwa, in modern-day Tanzania. At its height, its authority stretched over the entire length of the Swahili Coast, including Kenya. [47] Since the 10th century, rulers of Kilwa would go on to build elaborate coral mosques and introduce copper coinage. [48]
Ceasefire and independence after the Carnation revolution: Alvor Agreement; Angolan independence in 1975, start of the Angolan Civil War. [35] Annexation of Portuguese India (1961) Location: India. Portugal India: Defeat. Incorporation of Goa, Daman, and Diu into India. Beja Revolt (1961–1962) Location: Portugal. Estado Novo: Democrat rebels ...