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Axial: Axial hypermetropia occur when the axial length of eyeball is too short. About 1 mm decrease in axial length cause 3 diopters of hypermetropia. [2] One condition that cause axial hypermetropia is nanophthalmos. [12] Curvatural: Curvatural hypermetropia occur when curvature of lens or cornea is flatter than normal.
Hypertropia is a condition of misalignment of the eyes (), whereby the visual axis of one eye is higher than the fellow fixating eye. Hypotropia is the similar condition, focus being on the eye with the visual axis lower than the fellow fixating eye.
For those with large degrees of anisometropia, the wearing of standard spectacles may cause the person to experience a difference in image magnification between the two eyes (aniseikonia) which could also prevent the development of good binocular vision.
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The Thai Wikipedia (Thai: วิกิพีเดียภาษาไทย) is the Thai language edition of Wikipedia. It was started on 25 December 2003. As of February 2025, it has 171,586 articles and 495,027 registered users. [1] As of March 2022, Wikipedia (all languages combined) was ranked 14th in Alexa's Top Sites Thailand. [2]
In 1632, Vopiscus Fortunatus Plempius examined a myopic eye and confirmed that myopia was due to a lengthening of its axial diameter. [ 157 ] The idea that myopia was caused by the eye strain involved in reading or doing other work close to the eyes was a consistent theme for several centuries. [ 101 ]
When refractive errors in children are not treated, the child may be at risk of developing ambylopia, where vision may remain permanently blurry. [33] Because young children typically do not complain of blurry vision, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children have yearly vision screening starting at three years old so that unknown refractive errors or other ophthalmic ...
Emmetropia is the state of vision in which a faraway object at infinity is in sharp focus with the ciliary muscle [1] in a relaxed state. That condition of the normal eye is achieved when the refractive power of the cornea and eye lens and the axial length of the eye balance out, which focuses rays exactly on the retina, resulting in perfectly sharp distance vision.