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Liang Lingzan (simplified Chinese: 梁令瓒; traditional Chinese: 梁令瓚; pinyin: Liáng Lìngzàn; Wade–Giles: Liang Ling-Tsan) was a Chinese artist, astronomer, inventor, mechanical engineer and politician of the Kaiyuan era during the Tang dynasty.
[2] kè literally means "mark" or "engraving", referring to the marks placed on sundials [4] or water clocks [5] to help keep time. Using the definition of kè as 1 ⁄ 100 of a day, each kè is equal to 0.24 hours, 14.4 minutes, or 14 minutes 24 seconds. Every shí contains 8 1 ⁄ 3 kè, with 7 or 8 full kè and partial beginning or ending kè.
A water clock or clepsydra (from Ancient Greek κλεψύδρα (klepsúdra) 'pipette, water clock'; from κλέπτω (kléptō) 'to steal' and ὕδωρ (hydor) 'water'; lit. ' water thief ' ) is a timepiece by which time is measured by the regulated flow of liquid into (inflow type) or out from (outflow type) a vessel, and where the amount ...
Sundials and water clocks were first used in ancient Egypt c. 1200 BC (or equally acceptable BCE) and later by the Babylonians, the Greeks and the Chinese. Incense clocks were being used in China by the 6th century. In the medieval period, Islamic water clocks were unrivalled in their sophistication until the mid-14th century.
The incense clock (simplified Chinese: 香钟; traditional Chinese: 香鐘; pinyin: xiāngzhōng; Wade–Giles: hsiang-chung; lit. 'fragrance clock') is a timekeeping device that originated from China during the Song dynasty (960–1279) and spread to neighboring East Asian countries such as Japan and Korea.
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Al-Jazari's candle clock. Al-Jazari described a candle clock in 1206. [4] It included a dial to display the time and, for the first time, employed a bayonet fitting, a fastening mechanism still used in modern times. [5] The English engineer and historian Donald Routledge Hill described one of al-Jazari's candle clocks as follows:
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