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A Roman governor was an official either elected or appointed to be the chief administrator of Roman law throughout one or more of the many provinces constituting the Roman Empire. The generic term in Roman legal language was rector provinciae , regardless of the specific titles, which also reflects the province's intrinsic and strategic status ...
A prefect's office, department, or area of control is called a prefecture, but in various post-Roman Empire cases there is a prefect without a prefecture or vice versa. The words "prefect" and "prefecture" are also used, more or less conventionally, to render analogous words in other languages, especially Romance languages .
The office of fiscal procurator was always held by an equestrian, unlike the office of governor, which was reserved for members of the higher senatorial order. [5] The reason for the dual administrative structure was to prevent excessive concentration of power in the hands of the governor, as well as to limit his opportunities for peculation ...
"Hadrian stationed an extra legion in Judaea, renaming it Syria Palaestina." [3] This was following the defeat of the Bar Kokhba Revolt in 135.The Syria-based legion, Legio III Gallica, took part in the quelling of the revolt from 132 to 136, and in the aftermath, the emperor Hadrian renamed the province of Judea and its extra legion Syria Palaestina.
As governor, Pilate was responsible for minting coins in the province: he appears to have struck them in 29/30, 30/31, and 31/32, thus the fourth, fifth, and sixth years of his governorship. [119] The coins belong to a type called a "perutah", measured between 13.5 and 17mm, were minted in Jerusalem, [120] and are fairly crudely made. [121]
A governor's legal jurisdiction thus grew from the demands of the provincial inhabitants for authoritative settlement of disputes. [ 14 ] In the absence of opportunities for conquest and with little oversight for their activities, many praetorian governors settled on extorting the provincials.
Praefectus, often with a further qualification, was the formal title of many, fairly low to high-ranking, military or civil officials in the Roman Empire, whose authority was not embodied in their person (as it was with elected Magistrates) but conferred by delegation from a higher authority.
This custom allowed for continuity of command despite the high turnover of consuls. In the Roman Empire, proconsul was a title held by a civil governor and did not imply military command. In modern times, various officials with notable delegated authority have been referred to as proconsuls.