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  2. Internal ballistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_ballistics

    The temperature depends on the energy released and the heat loss to the sides of the barrel and chamber. As the projectile travels down the barrel, the volume the gas occupies behind the projectile increases. Some energy is lost in deforming the projectile and causing it to spin. There are also frictional losses between the projectile and the ...

  3. External ballistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/External_ballistics

    This is due to the fact that the projectile will begin to respond to the effects of gravity the instant it is free from the mechanical constraints of the bore. The imaginary line down the center axis of the bore and out to infinity is called the line of departure and is the line on which the projectile leaves the barrel.

  4. Ballistic coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballistic_coefficient

    The standard model projectile is a "fictitious projectile" used as the mathematical basis for the calculation of actual projectile's trajectory when an initial velocity is known. The G1 model projectile adopted is in dimensionless measures of 2 caliber radius ogival-head and 3.28 caliber in length.

  5. Long range shooting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_range_shooting

    Temperature (including air, ammunition and barrel temperature) [8] Spindrift, [9] an effect caused by the rotation of the bullet; Coriolis effect, [10] caused by the Earth's rotation; Mirage, [11] which causes the shooter to hit high and to the side if there is a little wind; Angle to the target (called "cosine angle"), [12] either up or ...

  6. Transitional ballistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitional_ballistics

    Transitional ballistics, also known as intermediate ballistics, [1] is the study of a projectile's behavior from the time it leaves the muzzle until the pressure behind the projectile is equalized, so it lies between internal ballistics and external ballistics. [2] [3] [4] [5]

  7. Terminal ballistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_ballistics

    This misconception is due to the metal's fluid-like behavior, which is caused by the massive pressures produced during the detonation of the explosive causing the metal to flow plastically. When used in the anti-tank role, a projectile that uses a shaped-charge warhead is known by the acronym HEAT (high-explosive anti-tank).

  8. Ballistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballistics

    A sling is a projectile weapon typically used to throw a blunt projectile such as a stone, clay or lead "sling-bullet". A sling has a small cradle or pouch in the middle of two lengths of cord. The sling stone is placed in the pouch. The middle finger or thumb is placed through a loop on the end of one cord, and a tab at the end of the other ...

  9. Physics of firearms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics_of_firearms

    According to Newtonian mechanics, if the gun and shooter are at rest initially, the force on the bullet will be equal to that on the gun-shooter. This is due to Newton's third law of motion (For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction). Consider a system where the gun and shooter have a combined mass m g and the bullet has a mass m b.