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Liver function tests (LFTs or LFs), also referred to as a hepatic panel or liver panel, are groups of blood tests that provide information about the state of a patient's liver. [1] These tests include prothrombin time (PT/INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), albumin , bilirubin (direct and indirect), and others.
Indeed, also using the old NAFLD definition, the disease is observed in up to 80% of obese people, 35% of whom progress to NASH, [41] and in up to 20% of normal weight people, [10] despite no evidence of excessive alcohol consumption. FLD is the most common cause of abnormal liver function tests in the United States. [14]
Normal ranges for both ALT and AST vary by gender, age, and geography and are roughly 8-40 U/L (0.14-0.67 μkal/L). [4] Mild transaminesemia refers to levels up to 250 U/L. [ 1 ] Drug-induced increases such as that found with the use of anti-tuberculosis agents such as isoniazid are limited typically to below 100 U/L for either ALT or AST.
The proportion of AST to ALT in hepatocytes is about 2.5:1, but because AST is removed from serum by the liver sinusoidal cells twice as quickly (serum half-life t 1/2 = 18 hr) compared to ALT (t 1/2 = 36 hr), so the resulting serum levels of AST and ALT are about equal in healthy individuals, resulting in a normal AST/ALT ratio around 1.
Testosterone levels in males and females ; Total testosterone Stage Age range Male Female Values SI units Values SI units ; Infant: Premature (26–28 weeks) 59–125 ng/dL: 2.047–4.337 nmol/L
A reference range is usually defined as the set of values 95 percent of the normal ... is commonly used for e.g. liver function tests ... Serum levels: 70–79 ...
[23] [25] [137] NAFLD was observed to be twice as prevalent in men as women. [5] For severely obese individuals, the prevalence of MASLD rises over 90%, and for those with diabetes, over 60%, and up to 20% for normal-weight people. [25] [26] MASLD is present in 65% to 90% of people who had bariatric surgery, and up to 75% of them have MASH. [14]
Latinos tend to have higher normal levels, followed by those of African heritage, Europeans, and Asians or Pacific Islanders tend to have the lowest baseline ALP levels (all groups assuming body mass index within normal weight range). [5] Men tend to have slightly higher normal ALP levels than women, [5] except during pregnancy.