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Because of being an island, Sri Lanka has many endemic freshwater fauna, as well as thousands of marine and brackish water fauna. [1] Fishing is the way of life of most of coastal community. So, the marine fish fauna gives a greater commercial value to the country's economy, as well as well being of the coastal people. [2]
The low salinity and high osmotic pressure makes them so different. Few fish can be found in all three ecological systems. There are 95 species of freshwater fish occur in the country, where 53 of those are endemic. 41% of all known species of fish of Sri Lanka are found in freshwater. There are about 70% of endemism of those fish.
Sri Lankan freshwater habitats can be divided into 6 major types - river, stream, lake, pond, villu and paddy field - according to size, depth, rate of flow and type of bottom. Medium-sized rivers are called Oya and fast flowing streams torrential streams are called Dola in Sinhalese. The following list provide the freshwater fauna of Sri Lanka.
Sri Lanka is known to be home to 794 species of Hemipterans. Detailed work of Sri Lankan hemipterans are recorded in the book Catalogue of Hemiptera of Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka comprises 74 species in 46 genera and 6 families of aphids within the order Hemiptera. 2 endemic aphid species are found on Sri Lanka
The garden includes more than 4000 species of plants, including orchids, spices, medicinal plants and palm trees. [3] Attached to it is the " National Herbarium of Sri Lanka ". The total area of the botanical garden is 147 acres (0.59 km 2 ), at 460 meters above sea level, and with a 200-day annual rainfall.
Since Sri Lanka was ruled by the Portuguese, Dutch, and British. At various junctures, these nations introduced a number of exotic species, which included mammals , plants , birds , and fish. After Sri Lanka secured its independence , the introductions continued unabated, and the breeding of exotic aquarium fish for export became popular.
This is a list of reptiles of Sri Lanka. The reptilian diversity in Sri Lanka is higher than the diversity of other vertebrates such as mammals and fish with 181 reptile species. All extant reptiles are well documented through research by many local and foreign scientists and naturalists.
Ex-situ conservation of dry and arid zone plants of Sri Lanka. Dry zone landscape improvement. Ecotourism promotion. Providing knowledge and training on botany and floriculture. Promoting medicinal herbs. Studies on lesser known and under utilized plants in the dry zone.