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Border control in China is the responsibility of a variety of entities in each of the country's four distinct immigration areas. In the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau, agencies tracing their lineage to British and Portuguese colonial authorities, respectively, perform border control functions based on the policies and practices in force before those territories' return ...
Frontier Corps Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (South) on the central border with Afghanistan; Gilgit Baltistan Scouts on the northeastern border with China and part of the Line of Control with Indian Kashmir; Pakistan Coast Guards is a mainly land-based patrol force on the southern coast; Pakistan Maritime Security Agency, a coast guard on the southern ...
Chinese border authorities also administer entry and exit border inspection posts of Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, [8] Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Xiamen, Zhuhai, Shantou and Haikou. In 2009, China had 277 border control checkpoints, covering entry into China by air, water and land in conjunction with CII (China Immigration Inspection).
[12] [6] Starting in 2019, the MPS began replacing "domestic security" with "political security" in the names of its units. [6] In 2020, the United States Department of Commerce added the MPS Institute of Forensic Science to the Entity List over human rights issues related to the Uyghur genocide . [ 13 ]
The region of all countries bordering China is sometimes referred to by scholars as the China Rim, [3] [4] [5] or simply as China's periphery (Chinese: 中国周边). [6] The China Rim plays a significant role in competition between other countries and China, as is the case with America's China Containment Policy. [7]
In one instance, in March 2024, Chinese-made cameras at a U.S. oil and natural gas firm communicated with China-based servers, "including one possibly associated with a PRC state-sponsored cyber ...
Over the years, the power of the police has gradually been expanded to border control, under the auspices of the China Immigration Inspection (CII), household registration, issuance of the National ID card (see: Resident Identity Card) and cybersecurity (under the 11th Bureau of the MPS), network security and website registration. [2]
The two countries share a long Himalayan border, much of it poorly demarcated, and relations between them have been sour since a military clash in July 2020 when at least 20 Indian soldiers and ...