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  2. Stochastic ordering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stochastic_ordering

    Stochastic dominance relations are a family of stochastic orderings used in decision theory: [1] Zeroth-order stochastic dominance: A ≺ ( 0 ) B {\displaystyle A\prec _{(0)}B} if and only if A ≤ B {\displaystyle A\leq B} for all realizations of these random variables and A < B {\displaystyle A<B} for at least one realization.

  3. Category:Random variable ordering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Random_variable...

    Main page; Contents; Current events; Random article; About Wikipedia; Contact us; Pages for logged out editors learn more

  4. Girsanov theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girsanov_theorem

    Girsanov's theorem is important in the general theory of stochastic processes since it enables the key result that if Q is a measure that is absolutely continuous with respect to P then every P-semimartingale is a Q-semimartingale.

  5. Predictable process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predictable_process

    In stochastic analysis, a part of the mathematical theory of probability, a predictable process is a stochastic process whose value is knowable at a prior time. The predictable processes form the smallest class that is closed under taking limits of sequences and contains all adapted left-continuous processes.

  6. Doubly stochastic matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doubly_stochastic_matrix

    Thus, a doubly stochastic matrix is both left stochastic and right stochastic. [1] Indeed, any matrix that is both left and right stochastic must be square: if every row sums to 1 then the sum of all entries in the matrix must be equal to the number of rows, and since the same holds for columns, the number of rows and columns must be equal.

  7. First-hitting-time model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-hitting-time_model

    A common example of a first-hitting-time model is a ruin problem, such as Gambler's ruin. In this example, an entity (often described as a gambler or an insurance company) has an amount of money which varies randomly with time, possibly with some drift. The model considers the event that the amount of money reaches 0, representing bankruptcy.

  8. Malliavin calculus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malliavin_calculus

    Malliavin introduced Malliavin calculus to provide a stochastic proof that Hörmander's condition implies the existence of a density for the solution of a stochastic differential equation; Hörmander's original proof was based on the theory of partial differential equations. His calculus enabled Malliavin to prove regularity bounds for the ...

  9. Sample-continuous process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sample-continuous_process

    Let (Ω, Σ, P) be a probability space.Let X : I × Ω → S be a stochastic process, where the index set I and state space S are both topological spaces.Then the process X is called sample-continuous (or almost surely continuous, or simply continuous) if the map X(ω) : I → S is continuous as a function of topological spaces for P-almost all ω in Ω.