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t. e. In calculus, the chain rule is a formula that expresses the derivative of the composition of two differentiable functions f and g in terms of the derivatives of f and g. More precisely, if is the function such that for every x, then the chain rule is, in Lagrange's notation, or, equivalently, The chain rule may also be expressed in ...
e. In mathematics, a partial derivative of a function of several variables is its derivative with respect to one of those variables, with the others held constant (as opposed to the total derivative, in which all variables are allowed to vary). Partial derivatives are used in vector calculus and differential geometry.
by the change of variables: in these steps: Replace by and apply the chain rule to get. Replace and by and to get. Replace and by and and divide both sides by to get. Replace by and divide through by to yield the heat equation. Advice on the application of change of variable to PDEs is given by mathematician J. Michael Steele: [1]
Miscellanea. v. t. e. In mathematics, matrix calculus is a specialized notation for doing multivariable calculus, especially over spaces of matrices. It collects the various partial derivatives of a single function with respect to many variables, and/or of a multivariate function with respect to a single variable, into vectors and matrices that ...
For exemple, Stokes' theorem becomes. A scaler field may also be treated as a vector and replaced by a vector or tensor. For exemple, Green's first identity becomes. Similar rules apply to algebraic and differentiation formulas. For algebraic formulas one may alternatively use the left-most vector position.
The derivatives in the table above are for when the range of the inverse secant is [,] and when the range of the inverse cosecant is [,]. It is common to additionally define an inverse tangent function with two arguments , arctan ( y , x ) . {\displaystyle \arctan(y,x).}
Calculus. Faà di Bruno's formula is an identity in mathematics generalizing the chain rule to higher derivatives. It is named after Francesco Faà di Bruno (1855, 1857), although he was not the first to state or prove the formula. In 1800, more than 50 years before Faà di Bruno, the French mathematician Louis François Antoine Arbogast had ...
v. t. e. In calculus, Taylor's theorem gives an approximation of a -times differentiable function around a given point by a polynomial of degree , called the -th-order Taylor polynomial. For a smooth function, the Taylor polynomial is the truncation at the order of the Taylor series of the function.