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In most bacteria the most numerous intracellular structure is the ribosome, the site of protein synthesis in all living organisms. All prokaryotes have 70S (where S= Svedberg units) ribosomes while eukaryotes contain larger 80S ribosomes in their cytosol. The 70S ribosome is made up of a 50S and 30S subunits.
Lysogeny, or the lysogenic cycle, is one of two cycles of viral reproduction (the lytic cycle being the other). Lysogeny is characterized by integration of the bacteriophage nucleic acid into the host bacterium's genome or formation of a circular replicon in the bacterial cytoplasm. In this condition the bacterium continues to live and ...
The bacterial capsule is a large structure common to many bacteria. [1] It is a polysaccharide layer that lies outside the cell envelope, and is thus deemed part of the outer envelope of a bacterial cell. It is a well-organized layer, not easily washed off, and it can be the cause of various diseases. [2][3]
Most prokaryotes are between 1 μm and 10 μm, but they can vary in size from 0.2 μm (Mycoplasma genitalium) to 750 μm (Thiomargarita namibiensis). Prokaryotic cell structure. Description. Flagellum (not always present) Long, whip-like protrusion that aids cellular locomotion used by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Cell membrane.
Bacterial genomes are generally smaller and less variant in size among species when compared with genomes of eukaryotes. Bacterial genomes can range in size anywhere from about 130 kbp [1][2] to over 14 Mbp. [3] A study that included, but was not limited to, 478 bacterial genomes, concluded that as genome size increases, the number of genes ...
Bacterial conjugation is the transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells by direct cell-to-cell contact or by a bridge-like connection between two cells. [1] This takes place through a pilus. [2][full citation needed] It is a parasexual mode of reproduction in bacteria. A micrograph displaying Escherichia coli undergoing bacterial ...
Restriction modification system. The restriction modification system (RM system) is found in bacteria and archaea, and provides a defense against foreign DNA, such as that borne by bacteriophages. Bacteria have restriction enzymes, also called restriction endonucleases, which cleave double-stranded DNA at specific points into fragments, which ...
The blue–white screen is a screening technique that allows for the rapid and convenient detection of recombinant bacteria in vector -based molecular cloning experiments. This method of screening is usually performed using a suitable bacterial strain, but other organisms such as yeast may also be used. DNA of transformation is ligated into a ...