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Gaia is a space observatory of the European Space Agency (ESA), launched in 2013 and expected to operate until 2025. The spacecraft is designed for astrometry: measuring the positions, distances and motions of stars with unprecedented precision, [5] [6] and the positions of exoplanets by measuring attributes about the stars they orbit such as their apparent magnitude and color. [7]
Mission 1 – Gaia, launched December 2013, operational – Astrometry mission measuring positions and distances of over one billion objects in the Milky Way. Mission 3 – BepiColombo, launched October 2018, operational – Joint ESA- JAXA reconnaissance mission to Mercury, using two unique spacecraft operating respectively.
The Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy (Sgr dSph), also known as the Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy (Sgr dE or Sag DEG), is an elliptical loop-shaped satellite galaxy of the Milky Way. It contains four globular clusters in its main body, [8] with the brightest of them— NGC 6715 (M54)—being known well before the discovery of the galaxy ...
William Herschel's model of the Milky Way, 1785. Herschel also studied the structure of the Milky Way and was the first to propose a model of the galaxy based on observation and measurement. [93] He concluded that it was in the shape of a disk, but incorrectly assumed that the Sun was in the centre of the disk.
It's absolutely packed with stars, some 200 billion or thereabouts, and a newly-released data dump from the European Space Agency provides a picture of it with greater detail than ever before ...
Planck was a space observatory operated by the European Space Agency (ESA) from 2009 to 2013. It was an ambitious project that aimed to map the anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at microwave and infrared frequencies, with high sensitivity and angular resolution. The mission was highly successful and substantially improved ...
Hipparcos was a scientific satellite of the European Space Agency (ESA), launched in 1989 and operated until 1993. It was the first space experiment devoted to precision astrometry, the accurate measurement of the positions of celestial objects on the sky. [3] This permitted the first high-precision measurements of the intrinsic brightnesses ...
Euclid is a wide-angle space telescope with a 600-megapixel camera to record visible light, a near-infrared spectrometer, and photometer, to determine the redshift of detected galaxies. It was developed by the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Euclid Consortium and was launched on 1 July 2023 from Cape Canaveral in Florida. [10][11]