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Zooflagellates have one or more flagella but do not have plastids or cell walls. [3] A few are mutualistic, such as those that live in the guts of termites and aid the bacteria present in breaking down wood. [citation needed]
The opisthokonts (from Ancient Greek ὀπίσθιος (opísthios) 'rear, posterior' and κοντός (kontós) 'pole, i.e. flagellum') are a broad group of eukaryotes, including both the animal and fungus kingdoms. [5] The opisthokonts, previously called the "Fungi/Metazoa group", [6] are generally recognized as a clade.
Although protist flagella have a diversity of forms and functions, [11] two large families, flagellates and ciliates, can be distinguished by the shape and beating pattern of their flagella. [ 2 ] In the phylogenetic tree on the right, aquatic organisms (living in marine, brackish, or freshwater environments) have their branches drawn in blue ...
Many protists take the form of single-celled flagellates. Flagella are generally used for propulsion. They may also be used to create a current that brings in food. In most such organisms, one or more flagella are located at or near the anterior of the cell (e.g., Euglena). Often there is one directed forwards and one trailing behind.
The amoeboflagellate phenotype is present in numerous protists that have a crucial phylogenetic position near the origin of animals and fungi, within the vast clade known as Opisthokonta. It has been described in choanoflagellates such as Salpingoeca , filastereans such as Pigoraptor , and even some early-branching fungi such as Sanchytrium ...
Archaeal flagella are superficially similar to bacterial flagella in that it also has a rotary motor, but are different in many details and considered non-homologous. [ 18 ] [ 19 ] [ 20 ] Eukaryotic flagella—those of animal, plant, and protist cells—are complex cellular projections that lash back and forth.
The parabasalids are a group of flagellated protists within the supergroup Excavata.Most of these eukaryotic organisms form a symbiotic relationship in animals.These include a variety of forms found in the intestines of termites [2] and cockroaches, many of which have symbiotic bacteria that help them digest cellulose in woody plants.
Its cell typically measures between 3 and 10 μm and it has a volume of around 20 μm 3. [2] It is colorless and has two unequally sized flagella. The smooth flagellum, angled posteriorly, is shorter, and attaches to substrates in non-motile cells, but trails behind in motile cells. The hairy flagellum points forward in an arc in sessile cells.