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A nail disease or onychosis is a disease or deformity of the nail. Although the nail is a structure produced by the skin and is a skin appendage , nail diseases have a distinct classification as they have their own signs and symptoms which may relate to other medical conditions.
Koilonychia (spoon nails) Kyrle disease; Leukonychia (white nails) Lichen planopilaris (acuminatus, follicular lichen planus, lichen planus follicularis, peripilaris) Lichen planus of the nails; Lichen spinulosus (keratosis spinulosa) Lipedematous alopecia (lipedematous scalp) Localized acquired hypertrichosis; Localized congenital hypertrichosis
Onychomycosis occurs in about 10 percent of the adult population, [2] with older people more frequently affected. [2] Males are affected more often than females. [3] Onychomycosis represents about half of nail disease. [2] It was first determined to be the result of a fungal infection in 1853 by Georg Meissner. [6]
Onychomycosis (also known as "dermatophytic onychomycosis", or "tinea unguium" [2] is a fungal infection of the nail. [8] It is the most common disease of the nails and constitutes about half of all nail abnormalities. [9] This condition may affect toenails or fingernails, but toenail infections are particularly common. It occurs in about 10% ...
Onychauxis presents with thickened nails without deformity, and this simple thickening may be the result of trauma, acromegaly, Darier's disease, psoriasis, or pityriasis rubra pilaris, or, in some cases, hereditary. [1]: 783 [2] It may appear as loss of nail palate translucency, discoloration, and subungual hyperkeratosis.
Onychomadesis is a periodic idiopathic shedding of the nails beginning at the proximal end, possibly caused by the temporary arrest of the function of the nail matrix. [ 1 ] : 784 [ 2 ] : 660 One cause in children is hand, foot, and mouth disease . [ 3 ]
Cleaning under the nail is not recommended as this only serves to separate the nail further. Bandages are also to be avoided. [11] When kept dry and away from further trauma, the nail will reattach from the base upward (i.e., from proximal to distal). The aim of treatment is also to eliminate onychomycosis that is a major cause of onycholysis.
It is a nail disease prevalent in individuals whose hands or feet are subject to moist local environments, and is often due to contact dermatitis. [ 13 ] : 660 In chronic paronychia, the cuticle separates from the nail plate, leaving the region between the proximal nail fold and the nail plate vulnerable to infection.